Skip to main content
Menu
Contents
Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology: Cover
Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology
Cover
Visibility
Reader Appearance
Search
Sign In
avatar
Edit Profile
Notifications
Privacy
Log Out
Project Home
Natural Sciences Collection: Anatomy, Biology, and Chemistry
Projects
Sign In
Learn more about
Manifold
Notes
Close
Show the following:
Annotations
Yours
Others
Your highlights
Resources
Show all
Show all
Hide all
Enter search criteria
Execute search
Search within:
chapter
text
project
Adjust appearance:
font
Font style
Serif
Sans-serif
Decrease font size
Increase font size
Decrease font size
Increase font size
color scheme
Light
Dark
Margins
Increase text margins
Decrease text margins
Reset to Defaults
Options
table of contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Table Of Contents
About the Authors
Acknowledgments
Preface
Levels of Organisation, Homeostasis and Nomenclature
1.1 Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
1.2 Structural Organisation of the Human Body
1.3 Homeostasis
1.4 Anatomical Terminology
Cells and Reproduction
2.1 Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules
2.2 Carbohydrates
2.3 Lipids
2.4 Protein
2.5 Nucleic Acid
2.6 The Cell Membrane
2.7 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
2.8 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
2.9 Protein Synthesis
2.10 Cell Growth and Division
2.11 Cellular Differentiation
Tissues, Organs, Systems
3.1 Types of Tissues
3.2 Epithelial Tissue
3.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
3.4 Muscle Tissue and Motion
3.5 Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response
3.6 Tissue Injury and Ageing
Integumentary System
4.1 Layers of the Skin
4.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
4.3 Functions of the Integumentary System
4.4 Diseases, Disorders and Injuries of the Integumentary System
Blood
5.1 An Overview of Blood
5.2 Production of the Formed Elements
5.3 Erythrocytes
5.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
5.5 Haemostasis
5.6 Blood Typing
Cardiovascular System
6.1 Heart Anatomy
6.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
6.3 Cardiac Cycle
6.4 Cardiac Physiology
6.5 Development of the Heart
6.6 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
6.7 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure and Resistance
6.8 Capillary Exchange
6.9 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
6.10 Circulatory Pathways
6.11 Development of Blood Vessels and Foetal Circulation
Lymphatic System and Immunity
7.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
7.2 Barrier Defences and the Innate Immune Response
7.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T Lymphocytes and their Functional Types
7.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-Lymhocytes and Antibodies
7.5 The Immune Response Against Pathogens
7.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
7.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology
Respiratory System
8.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
8.2 The Lungs
8.3 The Process of Breathing
8.4 Gas Exchange
8.5 Transport of Gases
8.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions
8.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System
Muscle System
9.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues
9.2 Skeletal Muscle
9.3 Muscle Fibre Contraction and Relaxation
9.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
9.5 Types of Muscle Fibres
9.6 Exercise and Muscle Performance
9.7 Cardiac Muscle Tissue
9.8 Smooth Muscle
9.9 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue
Skeletal System
10.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
10.2 Bone Classification
10.3 Bone Structure
10.4 Bone Formation and Development
10.5 Fractures: Bone Repair
10.6 Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones and Bone Tissue
10.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems
10.8 Divisions of the Skeletal System
10.9 The Skull
10.10 The Vertebral Column
10.11 The Thoracic Cage
10.12 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton
Musculoskeletal System
11.1 The Pectoral Girdle
11.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
11.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
11.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
11.5 Development of the Appendicular Skeleton
11.6 Classification of Joints
11.7 Fibrous Joints
11.8 Cartilaginous Joints
11.9 Synovial Joints
11.10 Types of Body Movements
11.11 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
11.12 Development of Joints
Digestive System
12.1 Overview of the Digestive System
12.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
12.3 The Mouth, Pharynx and Oesophagus
12.4 The Stomach
12.5 The Small and Large Intestines
12.6 Accessory Organs in Digestion: the Liver, Pancreas and Gallbladder
12.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption
Nervous System
13.1 Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
13.2 Nervous Tissue
13.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue
13.4 The Action Potential
13.5 Communication between Neurons
13.6 The Embyrologic Perspective
13.7 The Central Nervous System
13.8 Circulation and the Central Nervous System
13.9 The Peripheral Nervous System
13.10 Sensory Perception
13.11 Central Processing
13.12 Motor Responses
Endocrine System
14.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System
14.2 Hormones
14.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
14.4 The Thyroid Gland
14.5 The Parathyroid Glands
14.6 The Adrenal Glands
14.7 The Pineal Gland
14.8 Gonadal and Placental Hormones
14.9 The Endocrine Pancreas
14.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions
14.11 Development and Ageing of the Endocrine System
Reproductive System
15.1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
15.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System
15.3 Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems
Pregnancy and Human Development
16.1 Fertilisation
16.2 Embryonic Development
16.3 Foetal Development
Urinary System
17.1 Physical Characteristics of Urine
17.2 Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
17.3 Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
17.4 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
17.5 Physiology of Urine Formation
17.6 Tubular Reabsorption
17.7 Regulation of Renal Blood Flow
17.8 Endocrine Regulation of Kidney Function
17.9 Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition
17.10 The Urinary System and Homeostasis
17.11 Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments
17.12 Water Balance
17.13 Electrolyte Balance
17.14 Acid-Base Balance
17.15 Disorders of Acid-Base Balance
Appendix A: Unit Measurements and Calculations
Appendix B: Chemical Abbreviations
Glossary
Bibliography
About This Text
Annotate
Close
Next Chapter
Title Page
Next
Anatomy and Physiology