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Anatomy & Physiology 2e: Chapter 7. Axial Skeleton
Anatomy & Physiology 2e
Chapter 7. Axial Skeleton
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table of contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Table Of Contents
Chapter 1. An Introduction to the Human Body
1.0 Introduction
1.1 How Structure Determines Function
1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body
1.3 Homeostasis
1.4 Anatomical Terminology
1.5 Medical Imaging
Chapter 2. The Chemical Level of Organization
2.0 Introduction
2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
2.2 Chemical Bonds
2.3 Chemical Reactions
2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
Chapter 3. The Cellular Level of Organization
3.0 Introduction
3.1 The Cell Membrane
3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
3.3 The Nucleus and DNA Replication
3.4 Protein Synthesis
3.5 Cell Growth and Division
3.6 Cellular Differentiation
Chapter 4. The Tissue Level of Organization
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Types of Tissues
4.2 Epithelial Tissue
4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
4.4 Muscle Tissue
4.5 Nervous Tissue
4.6 Tissue Injury and Aging
Chapter 5. The Integumentary System
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Layers of the Skin
5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System
5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System
Chapter 6. Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System
6.0 Introduction
6.1 The Functions of the Skeletal System
6.2 Bone Classification
6.3 Bone Structure
6.4 Bone Formation and Development
6.5 Fractures: Bone Repair
6.6 Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue
6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems
Chapter 7. Axial Skeleton
7.0 Introduction
7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
7.2 Bone Markings
7.3 The Skull
7.4 The Vertebral Column
7.5 The Thoracic Cage
7.6 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton
Chapter 8. The Appendicular Skeleton
8.0 Introduction
8.1 The Pectoral Girdle
8.2 Bones of the Upper Limb
8.3 The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
8.4 Bones of the Lower Limb
8.5 Development of the Appendicular Skeleton
Chapter 9. Joints
9.0 Introduction
9.1 Classification of Joints
9.2 Fibrous Joints
9.3 Cartilaginous Joints
9.4 Synovial Joints
9.5 Types of Body Movements
9.6 Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
9.7 Development of Joints
Chapter 10. Muscle Tissue
10.0 Introduction
10.1 Overview of Muscle Tissues
10.2 Skeletal Muscle
10.3 Muscle Fiber Excitation, Contraction, and Relaxation
10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
10.5 Types of Muscle Fibers
10.6 Exercise and Muscle Performance
10.7 Smooth Muscle Tissue
10.8 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue
Chapter 11. The Muscular System
11.0 Introduction
11.1 Describe the roles of agonists, antagonists and synergists
11.2 Explain the organization of muscle fascicles and their role in generating force
11.3 Explain the criteria used to name skeletal muscles
11.4 Axial Muscles of the Head Neck and Back
11.5 Axial muscles of the abdominal wall and thorax
11.6 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
11.7 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs
Chapter 12. The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
12.0 Introduction
12.1 Structure and Function of the Nervous System
12.2 Nervous Tissue
12.3 The Function of Nervous Tissue
12.4 Communication Between Neurons
12.5 The Action Potential
Chapter 13. The Peripheral Nervous System
13.0 Introduction
13.1 Sensory Receptors
13.2 Ganglia and Nerves
13.3 Spinal and Cranial Nerves
13.4 Relationship of the PNS to the Spinal Cord of the CNS
13.5 Ventral Horn Output and Reflexes
13.6 Testing the Spinal Nerves (Sensory and Motor Exams)
13.7 The Cranial Nerve Exam
Chapter 14. The Central Nervous System
14.0 Introduction
14.1 Embryonic Development
14.2 Blood Flow the meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid Production and Circulation
14.3 The Brain and Spinal Cord
14.4 The Spinal Cord
14.5 Sensory and Motor Pathways
Chapter 15. The Special Senses
15.0 Introduction
15.1 Taste
15.2 Smell
15.3 Hearing
15.4 Equilibrium
15.5 Vision
Chapter 16. The Autonomic Nervous System
16.0 Introduction
16.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
16.2 Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
16.3 Central Control
16.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System
Chapter 17. The Endocrine System
17.0 Introduction
17.1 An Overview of the Endocrine System
17.2 Hormones
17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
17.4 The Thyroid Gland
17.5 The Parathyroid Glands
17.6 The Adrenal Glands
17.7 The Pineal Gland
17.8 Gonadal and Placental Hormones
17.9 The Pancreas
17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions
17.11 Development and Aging of the Endocrine System
Chapter 18. The Cardiovascular System: Blood
18.0 Introduction
18.1 Functions of Blood
18.2 Production of the Formed Elements
18.3 Erythrocytes
18.4 Leukocytes and Platelets
18.5 Hemostasis
18.6 Blood Typing
Chapter 19. The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
19.0 Introduction
19.1 Heart Anatomy
19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
19.3 Cardiac Cycle
19.4 Cardiac Physiology
19.5 Development of the Heart
Chapter 20. The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
20.0 Introduction
20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
20.3 Capillary Exchange
20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
20.5 Circulatory Pathways
20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation
Chapter 21. The Lymphatic and Immune System
21.0 Introduction
21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens
21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology
Chapter 22. The Respiratory System
22.0 Introduction
22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
22.2 The Lungs
22.3 The Process of Breathing
22.4 Gas Exchange
22.5 Transport of Gases
22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions
22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System
Chapter 23. The Digestive System
23.0 Introduction
23.1 Overview of the Digestive System
23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation
23.3 The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
23.4 The Stomach
23.5 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
23.6 The Small and Large Intestines
23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look
Chapter 24. Metabolism and Nutrition
24.0 Introduction
24.1 Overview of Metabolic Reactions
24.2 Carbohydrate Metabolism
24.3 Lipid Metabolism
24.4 Protein Metabolism
24.5 Metabolic States of the Body
24.6 Energy and Heat Balance
24.7 Nutrition and Diet
Chapter 25. The Urinary System
25.0 Introduction
25.1 Internal and External Anatomy of the Kidney
25.2 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney: Anatomy of the Nephron
25.3 Physiology of Urine Formation: Overview
25.4 Physiology of Urine Formation: Glomerular Filtration
25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion
25.6 Physiology of Urine Formation: Medullary Concentration Gradient
25.7 Physiology of Urine Formation: Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition
25.8 Urine Transport and Elimination
25.9 The Urinary System and Homeostasis
Chapter 26. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance
26.0 Introduction
26.1 Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments
26.2 Water Balance
26.3 Electrolyte Balance
26.4 Acid-Base Balance
26.5 Disorders of Acid-Base Balance
Chapter 27. The Sexual Systems
27.0 Introduction
27.1 Anatomy of Sexual Systems
27.2 Development of Sexual Anatomy
27.3 Physiology of the Female Sexual System
27.4 Physiology of the Male Sexual System
27.5 Physiology of Arousal and Orgasm
Chapter 28. Development and Inheritance
28.0 Introduction
28.1 Fertilization
28.2 Embryonic Development
28.3 Fetal Development
28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth
28.5 Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages
28.6 Lactation
28.7 Patterns of Inheritance
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