INDEX
A
Accent, spread of, 217
Adaptation to environment, explanation of living or social types not found in their, 141
Adoption, fiction of, 53, 250, 315, 352-3, 365
Agriculture
its rivalry with commerce, 289
its progress dependent upon uniformity of law, 321-2
its failure to progress under feudalism, 335
Alcoholism
explanation of spread of, 194, 195
spread of, from superior to inferior, 231n.1
Amber, its importation in antiquity, 96, 330
Ammonite, 25n.1
Ancestor-worship, 53, 267sq., 275
Animals
imitation among, 3, 4n.1, 67n.1, 198n.1, 206
domestication of, 17, 42n.2, 46, 219n.2, 235, 236, 274n.1, 276-80, 330n.1
relation of primitive man to wild, 271-8, 372n.1
deification of, 274-8
human speech understood by, 331n.2
of La Fontaine’s fables, 67
Anthropology, distinction between archæology and, 89sq.
Archæology
methods of, 89sq.
proof in, of preponderance of imitation over invention, 98
principle of imitation in, 98sq.
the paleontology of society, 103
comparison between Statistics and, ib.
branches of, 107
erroneous deduction about primitive man in, 325
Architecture
transmission of Roman, 9
resemblances between Old and New World, 39n.1
imitation in, 54
development of Greek and Egyptian, 54sq.
analogies in, 56-7
logical conflicts in, 161, 162
repetition of types in, 191
invention of, 235
climate not an adequate explanation of style in, 326
in times of fashion, 335
in the 19th century, 344
d’Argenson, 218n.1
Aristocracy
initiative character of, 221
influence of theocratic, 223
of cities, 228
the cause of democracy, 231
racial intermixture, characteristic of, 238n.1
speech of the, 257
Tocqueville’s distinction between democracy and, 303
the relation of militancy to, 305n.1
assimilation of usages in the, 335
the future of, 388
Art
laws of refraction in, 23
differentiation in, 55
analysis of Arabian, Greek, Egyptian, 99
logical conflicts in, 159
interplay of fashion and custom in, 164
the ideal the substance of, 182, conventionality of, 191
evolution of, 207
survivals in, 209
degeneration of, 210, animal drawings, first attempts in, 274n.1
transition from fashion to custom in, 298
relation of evolution of, to industry, 303n.1
during periods of custom and of fashion, 342, 346-55
religious origin of, 345
its origin in handicraft, 353
Assimilation
of modern civilisations, xxiii., 16, 388-9
of civilisations through imitation, 21, 128
social, point of departure for social advance, 72
produced through cities, 228
due to language, 264
international political, 290
due to mediæval preaching friars, 338
Astronomy
accumulable discoveries in, 174
modern, reducible to a single formula, 178
discovery of, 235
Atomism, 178
B
Babeau, Albert, 293n.2, 299, 372n.2, 385n.2
Baldwin, 75n.1
Barante, de. 217
Beaunis 76
Belief
transmission of, a fundamental social relation, xvi.
a social force, 145sq.
the final object of desire, 147
lowering of plane of, 172n.1
credulity, imitation of, 197
Beliefs
interferences between, 24sq.
expressed by statistics, 104-7
their relations to invention, 109
tendency to geometric progression of, 115
three phases of, 126sq.
conflict between, 149sq.
spread of, 210
Bentham, iii.
Bergson, 145n.1
Bernard, Claude, 12
Bernhelm, 76
Bertillon, 111
Binet, 76
Biology
less advanced than sociology, 13
statistics of, 110-11.
Bodin, 199n.2
Bopp, 260n.1
Bordier, 239
Broca, 328n.1
Bronze
spread of art of working, 17
same transition in America and Europe from age of stone to age of, 39n.1
unknown inventor of, 91
uniform composition of prehistoric, 329-30
imitation of flint implements in, 364
Brunetière, 357n.1
Burckhardt, 134n.1, 191, 219n.1, 293, 363
Burgess, 306n.1
C
Candolle, de, 100
Cannibalism
a fashion, 127
explanation of, 273
not typical of primitlve society, 348
Ceremonial government, increase of, 61n.1, 192n.2, 211n.1
Chipiez, 57n.1
Cibrano, 334n.2
Circumcision, among Aztecs and Hebrews, 41n.1
Cities
increase in populations of, 104-5
the modern aristocracies, 226-9
cause of social superiority, 236
intensity of imitation in, 239
fashion-imitation in, 248, 288
of refuge, 288
uniformity of laws in German, 314
Civilisation
causes racial differentiation, xxi, 239, 252
types of, 69
causes of set-backs in 163n.1
American race the outcome of European, 239
formula of development of every, 254
relation of religion to, 279sq.
See Assimilation.
Civilisations
imitation between, 48
independence of different, 53
decomposition of, in archæology, 99
Colins, 153n.1
Commune
origin of, 227
spread of charter of, 313
Communication
in prehistoric periods, 47
essential to imitation, 115, 370
originally one-sided, 205-6, 371
between French and English courts, 229
amount of, necessary for imitation, 292n.1
its relation to democracy, 307-8
effects of, 392n.1
Comte, Auguste, iv., xi., 285n.1, 303n.1, 344, 381
Condorcet, xxiii.
Confession, rite of, among Aztecs and Catholics, 41n.1
Coulanges, Fustel de, 228n.1, 239 242, 288
Cournot, iii., xi., 260n.1, 380, 381
Courtesy
transition from unilateral to reciprocal in, 372, 377-9.
Couvade, 209
Crime
imitation in, iv.
Tarde on problems of, v
classification of, 113, 119-20
effect of marriage upon, 117
widespread publication of, 345
Cross, widespread use of, 47n.1
Curtius, 144n.1, 291, 299, 300, 322
Custom
interplay of fashion and, 164
its relation to reproduction, 253-4
effects of transition from, to fashion and from fashion to custom in language, 255-65
in religion, 265-86
in government, 287-309
in legislation, 310-22
in usages, 322-33
in industry, 333-44
in art and morality, 344-65
paternal prestige the source of, 276
relation of price to, 339-40
empire of, in language, 344
See Custom-Imitation under Imitation.
D
Darmesteter, 266n.1
Darwin, xvii., 12, 17, 37, 67n.1, 370, 382
Death
necessity of, 7
a justification of pessimism, 266n.1
Democracy
tyranny of the many during, 84
imitation during, 225
Tocqueville’s distinction between aristocracy and, 303, 387
increasing resemblances do not necessitate, 388
Desire
transmission of, a fundamental social relation, xvi
growth of, to invent, 43
for a maximum of belief, 50
a social force, 145
for reason, 149,
docility, imitation of, 197
for equality, 303
Desires
interferences between, 24sq.
expressed by statistics, 104-7
their relation to invention, 109, 159
tendency of, towards geometric progression, 115, 124
for fraternity, 112, 121sq., 266
competition of, 115
for truth, 125
for property, 125-6
three phases of, 126sq.,
increase of, in civilisation, 148n.1
conflict between, 149sq.
spread of, 210
satisfaction of, by industry, 322
of consumption spread more rapidly than corresponding desires of production, 329sq.
Diabolical possession, 50-1.
Discovery
of gallium, 12
the successful, of the present determines that of the future, 19
of Cicero’s Republic, 34
of the steamboat, 44
of the circulation of the blood, 44, 170
of mineral springs in France, 92n.1
of tea, coffee, tobacco, 93
for the pleasure of discovery, 94
of beet sugar, 104
of fire from friction, 235, 270n.1
See Invention.
Division of labor
original lack of, 327
Dubois-Reymond, 125
E
Eagle, two-headed, spread of, through imitation, 47n.1
Ellis, Havelock, v.
Emission theory, 48
English language
illustration of linguistic refraction in, 22
vowel differentiation in, 143
grammatical simplification in, 265
Envy
the effect of obedience, 201
assimilation produced by, 202n.1
Erigeron, spread of the, 17
Eructation, as an act of courtesy, 42n.1
Espinas, xvii., 3, 4n.1, 59n.1
F
Family
the nation developed from the, xxii.
spread of, dialects, 17, 255, 287
relation between imitation and docility and credulity shown in the, 199
the patriarchal, 202-4, 267n.1
imitation in the primitive, 250, 269
the, not the unique source of society, 268
religion cradled in the, 280, 287
the, the original social group, 287
origin of and art in the morality 314-15, 345
industry in the, 328
undermining of the, 358
See Adoption.
Fashion
progress of, in European societies, 16
in crimes. 113
interplay of custom and, 164
in dress, 199, 212, 334n.2, 385
contemporaneous prestige, the source of, 276
parliamentarism a, 293
sixteenth and eighteenth centuries periods of, 293n.2
the secret ballot a, ib.
spread of municipal law through, 314
jury system a, 317
trial by torture a, ib.
birth of political economy during ages of, 320
increase of rationality through, 321
tobacco-chewing a, 327
naval, in America, 334
unchanging, of monastic dress, 334n.1, 383-4
relation of price to, 339
its relation to individualism and naturalism, 341-2
its relation to invention, 343
the assumption by, of the mask of custom, 361sq.
Latin poetry a, 362
Roman jurisprudence a, ib.
See Custom
See Fashion-Imitation under Imitation.
Féré, 76
Feudalism
assimilation of, 62-3
persistence of titles of, 152n.1
a harmonising factor, 186
opposition of communes to, 226
failure of agriculture to progress under, 335
a stage in the transition from unilateral to reciprocal authority, 374
disappearance of, 380
Friday, superstition about, 106n.1
Friedlander, 257n.1
G
Garnier, 42n.1
Gaudry, 25n.1
Generation. See Reproduction.
Gerontocracy, influence of, in primitive societies, 268
Giard, 383n.1
Gide, 388
Gobineau, de, xxii.
Goblet d’Alviella, 47n.1, 274n.1
Government
originally an answer to a demand for security. 174
distinction between additions and substitutions in, 180
a political idea, 182
etiquette of, 191
language, an instrument of, 206
conservatism and liberalism in, 288
compared with religion, 239n.1
in times of fashion, 342
relation of art and morality to, 345
See Ceremonial Government.
Guibert, Louis, 186n.1
Guyau, 332
H
Heredity
inaccurate use of term, xv.
its relation to imitation, xxi.-xxii., 25n.1, 280, 328, 357, 368
organic progress dependent upon, 7
analogous to imitation and vibration, 11
during custom-imitation, 36
first repetition in, 43
idea of, combined with that of variability, 382
Hesitation, opposed to imitation, 165
Historic method, excellence of, 14
History
continuity of, 12
action of imitation the first principle of, 49
relation of archæology to, 90, 102
as commonly understood, 92
definition of, 139
a tissue of tragedy and comedy, 172
the reversible and irreversible in, 379sq.
Horse
its disappearance from American fauna 46
superseded as a means of locomotion, 158
introduced into Egypt, 214
advantage of the, in war, 236
primitive possessors of the, 277n.1
Houzeau, 331n.2
Hugonnet, 42n.1
Hypnotism, compared to social phenomena, 76sq., 199n.1, 204, 275n.2
I
Idealism
its relation to materialism, xviii.
Ideas
geometrical progression of, 18, 115
constituting a social type, 68
imitation of, precedes imitation of their expression, 207
spread more easily than usages, 323n.1
Imitation
meaning of term, xiii-xiv.
of self, xiv.n.1, 75, 88, 115n.1
counter-, xvii-xix.
non-, xix-xx.
Custom-
its path prepared by non-imitation of foreign models, xix.
influence of heredity during, 36
predominance of, over fashion-imitation, 52n.1, 244sq.
in England, 289n.1
Fashion-
its path prepared by non-imitation of anterior models xix, 192, 221n.1, 231
compared with custom-imitation, 244
in France, 289n.1
in the formation of the United States, 296
individualistic 320
use of flint spread by, 325
characteristics of periods of, 328n.1
contemporaneous, 357
assimilation of, 369
progress a necessary outcome of the laws of, xxiii.
its relation to invention, 3
analogous to vibration and heredity, 7, 70-1, 189-90, 211-12, 386
its relation to historic facts, 12
the cause of all social resemblances, 14, 37
rôle of, in Statistics and political economy, 16
of Columbus, 20
of Greco-Roman civilisation, 21
its relation to vibration and heredity one-sided, 34
suppression of embryonic phases in, 35-6
not dependent upon direct contact, 48
spreads through education, 62
of Louis XIV., 64
its influence upon instinct, 67n.1
biological, 75n.1
psychological, ib.
mutual, 79
relation of respect to, 87
a kind of somnambulism, ib.
of turning movement at Ulm, 91n.1
effect of laws upon, 94n.1
of Greece by Etruria, 98
its relation to sociological statistics, 111
effect of, upon public expenditure, 119
in the nineteenth century, 151
modes of, 189sq.
spread of physiological activities through, 194-6
correlation between credulity, docility, and, 197sq.
subjective and objective 197sq., 301
of the superior by the inferior, 213sq., 368, 369
of the inferior by the superior, 215
of the foreigner, 221, 247sq., 266n.1, 269-70, 337, 340n.2
of the nearest, 224
under democracy, 225
in cities, 228
in preaching, 229n.1
mutualised and specialised, 232-3
emancipated from heredity, 280
of English parhamentarism, 293
of Greece, 301
Tocqueville’s contribution to theory of, 309n.1
of jurisprudence of Paris, 312
from within out, 323n.1, 332sq.
professional, 328n.1
among the Persians, 334n.2
sumptuary laws a check upon, 337n.1
Roman plebs assimilated to patricians through, 348n.1
in the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, 351-2
its tendency towards indefinite progression, 366
rapid spread of commercial, 370-1
transition of unilateral into reciprocal, 371sq.
See Animals.
Imitations
geometrical progression of, 20
modification of, 22
interferences between, 23sq.
control of, by statistics, 111
career of, the exclusive interest of history, 139
order of, distinct from that of inventions, 381
Individualism
promoted through widespread imitation, xxiv.,
in sociology, 2
a special kind of realism, 7
in Greece, 301
relation of fashion to, 341, 357n.1
Indo-European languages
identity of roots of, 8
vowel softening and verbal differentiation in, 143
Industry
logical conflicts in, 157-8
interplay of fashion and custom in, 164
accumulated inventions in, 174, 180-1
substitution of ends in, 179
morality the end of, 182
progress of modern, 184
relation of evolution of, to art, 303n.1
its progress dependent upon uniformity of law, 321-2
its progress dependent upon spread of same wants and tastes, 333
effects of transition from custom to fashion, and from fashion to custom, upon, 333sq.
transition from the unilateral to the reciprocal in, 375
Intimidation, social meaning of, 85
Invention
meaning of the term, xiv-xv.
distinct from counter-imitation, xviii.-xix.
its relation to imitation, 3, of printing, 5, 22, 153, 364
of the Morse telegraph, 11, 51, 93
of the mill, 11, 152, 171, 235, 376
theory of, in Logique soctale, 13n.1
tendency of every, to expand, 17
every, an answer to a problem, 45
of steam engines, 104
exhaustion of, 138
of oil painting, 160
logical duels of society ended through, 170-2
of the telescope, 171
of the cart, ib.
of bows and arrows, 235
of bone needles, ib.
of feudal royalty, 292
of means of fishing, 326n.1
its relation to fashion, 343
one form of the interference of repetitions, 382
See Animals.
Inventions
definition of, 2
tendency of, to expand, 17
interference of, 20n.1
composed of prior imitations, 45
non-imitable, 91-2
relation of history to, 92
causes of social necessities, 93
history of, given by archæology, 100
interference of, 129
general classification of, 149
conflicts between, 154sq.
substitution of, 162sq.
their relation to social superiority, 234sq.
cosmogonies representative of series of, 270n.1
imitative nature of, 344
in morals, 346-7
in art, 347
in law, 376
their order distinct from that of imitation, 381
relating to weaving 384
J
Jametel, 42n.1
Jannet, Claudio, 306n.1
K
King-gods
as initiators, 81
loved as well as feared, 202-3.
L
Lake-dwellings, of Switzerland and New Guinea, 47
Lang, 275
Language
transmission of Coptic, 8
the great vehicle of imitations, 15
refracticn in, 22-3
resemblances in, 40-1
physical causes in, 140
rôle of analogy in, 142
imitation and invention in, 142sq.
conflicts in, 154-5
substitutions in, 163
verbal accumulation in, 173-5
grammatical additions in, 175
inflation in, 176
grammar, the essential side of, 182
conventionality of, 190-1
ideas borrowed before, 201
survivals in, 209
contraction in, 210
imitation of the inferior by the superior in, 215
monogenism of, 255n.1
classic literature dependent upon spread of, 264, 333
attributed to animals, 274n.1
transition from fashion to custom in, 297
three phases of, 311
in periods of fashion, 342
persistence of custom in, 344
interpretation of renascences in, 362
irreversilanguage, 385-6
See English bility in, Indo-European languages, Latin language. Romance languages.
Latin language
Spanish or Gallic influence on, 22
vowel differentiation in, 143
imitation of, 144
different verbal forms in, 155
worsted in conflict with Romance tongues, 163
grammatical solidarity of, 175
Greek influence upon, 259
decomposition of, 259sq.
Lavelaye, de, 125
Lavisse, 227n.1
Law
importance of, in social relations, 61
logical conflicts in Roman, 168
substitution and accumulation in, 178
etiquette of, 191
principles of, borrowed before procedure, 201
survivals of feudal, 209
a particular development of religion, 310
distinction between common and statute, 310-11
three phases of, 311sq.
of Twelve Tables adopted through fashion-imitation, 312
spread of Roman and of French, 312-13
distinction between ancient and modern, 314
history of penal, 316-17
in times of fashion, 342
renascences in, 362
Laws
relation of wants and ideas to, 209
sumptuary, illustrative of imitation of superior by inferior, 218
spread of new, 313
distinction between justice and equity in, 318
industrial progress dependent upon uniform, 321-2.
Lecoq de Boisbaudran, 12
Lenormand, 329
Like-mindedness
not the final criterion of society, 60
law and, 61
international, 345
Logique sociale, vi, xiii, 13n.1, 34n.1, 169n.1, 198n.1, 339n.1
Lubbock, 209
Luchaire, 227
Luxury
of shrines and reliquaries, 338n.1
M
Maine, Sumner, 95, 267n.1, 288, 292, 293, 314, 315, 316
Malthus, 17
Marriage
its effect upon mortality, 111
of Emperor of China, 192n.1
by capture, 209
imitation of patrician, at Rome, 234n.1, 348n.1
transition from unilateral to reciprocal in, 373
Mathematics, science of, dependent upon repetition, 15
Mendelejeff, 12
Menger, 111
Mill, John Stuart, 383
Mimicry, suggested explanation of, 40n.1
Monadology, 177
Monasticism
a fashion, 127
an expression of the subjection of reproduction to imitation, 251n.1
Morality
rivalry between old and new, 32
a form of industry, 158
its relation to religious proselytism, 281
the spiritual equivalent of ritual, 284
the supremacy of, ib.,
inventions in, 345-7
during periods of custom and of fashion, 346sq.
social character of, 350
N
Nadaillac, de, 96n.1
Naegeli, von, 6n.1
Naturalism
suggested by the supernatural, xvii.
relation of fashion to, 341, 357n.1
Newspapers
future development of, 136
Niebuhr, 294
Nominalism, its emphasis upon individual variation, 7
Novicow, 331n.1
O
Obelisks, satisfy a social need, 58n.1
Origin of species
suggested explanation of, 4
compared with that of atoms and of civilisations, 13
P
Pangenesis, theory of, 45
Paulhan, 88n.2
Patriotism
originally aristocratic, 231n.1
an enlarged family sentiment, 291
American, 297
spread of, in Greece and France, 351n.2
re-awakening of Greek, 362
Pelitot, Abbé, 223n.1
Perrens, 231n.1
Political economy
made possible through effects of fashion, 16
birth of, during ages of fashion, 320
Pottery, art of, not instinctive, 325
Prestige
force of, 78
a non-logical social cause, 141, 214
of Florence, 216
of political majorities, 230
of power and wealth, 233
of antiquity, 246
animal, 276
of the foreigner, 291
of Rome, 336n.2
Property, distinction between real and personal, connected with that between custom- and fashion-imitation, 319-20
Public opinion
on spread of railroads in France, 131-2
control of, 230
relation of honour to, 358, 360
Q
Quatrefages, 38
R
Ranke, 370
Raynouard, 22
Realism, its emphasis upon resemblance and repetition, 7
Reclus, Élisée, 326
Regnaud, 143
Religion
refraction in, 23
rivalry of science with, 32
beginning of, 42
futility of persecution in, 153n.1
logical conflicts in, 156, 167
interplay of fashion and custom in. 164
non-contradictory myths in, 173
non-accumulable dogma and ritual in, 176
narrative and dogmatic, 176-7
dogma, the essential side of, 182
etiquette of, 190-1
belief in a, precedes practice of a, 200
survivals in, 209
originally a luxury, 231n.1
social importance of, 244n.1
distinction between proselyting and non-proselyting, 265-6
animism, the beginning of, 268
primitive forms of, 267-79
spiritualisation of, 279-80
relation of civilisation to, 279sq.
relations of custom and fashion to, 281
distinction between barbaric and civilised, 283-4
compared with government, 289n.1
transition from fashion to custom in, 297
three phases of, 311
usage connected with, 322
the need of sentiment precedes the need of genius in, 331
in times of fashion, 342
undermining of, 358
the assumption by fashion of the mask of custom in, 361-2
irreversibility in, 386
Renan, 172n.1
Repetition
relation of, to variation, 7
forms of universal, ib.
cause of all resemblance, 14
resemblance of parts of space apparently not due to, 15
cerebral, 74
interdependence of, forms of, 249-51
Repetitions
geometrical progression of, 17
the source of universal, 366n.1
interference of, 382
Reproduction
resemblances due to, 14
Malthusian law of, 17
relation of vibration and imitation to, 34, 249-50
analogous to vibration and imitation, 70-1, 189-90, 211-12, 386
its relation to custom, 253-4
Resemblances
due to repetition, 14
biological, not due to reproduction, 37-8
social, not due to imitation, 38-9, 325-6
between arts and practices of Old World and New World peoples, 38-9, 41n.1, 47n.1, 96n.1
spontaneous, 50
between Christianity and Buddhism, 57
in decorations of tombs, 96
in prehistoric remains, ib.
linguistic, essential to other social resemblances, 264
in municipal legislation of twelfth and thirteenth centuries, 313-14
in modern ways of living, 323-4
in Oriental usages, 324-5
consciousness of, necessary to industry, 337-8
during periods of custom and of fashion, 346
Respect, social significance of, 86-7
Reuleaux, 63n.1
Rivière, Émile, 326n.1
Romance languages, formation of, 259sq.
Rougemont, 329
Royer, Clémence, 39n.1
S
Saint-Simon, 217
Schelling, 12
Schliemann, 277
Schulte, 314
Science
place of affirmation in, 4-5
nature of, 4-6
starting-point of, 6n.1
demands of, 10
subject of, 14
source of social revolution, 80n.1
born from Christianity, 125
extension of, 177
comparison between industrial inventions and facts of, 180
the future religion, 286
Seeley, 316
Sensations, the statistics of the external world, 315
Sewing, use of tendons and fish bones in, 47
origin of, 278-9
at Athens, 349
disappearance of, 380
Social causes, distinction between logical and non-logical, 141
Social dialectic, 168
Social forces, composition of, 19
Socialism
a special kind of realism. 7
future conversion to, 30
suppression of competition through State, 33
its spread in cities, 228n.1
modern tendency towards, 306
Sociality, defined, 69
Socialisation, 65
Social logic, xxiii, 150, 166, 238, 285, 310n.1, 382, 388
Social organization
its relation to imitation, 74
dependent upon agreement or opposition of beliefs, 146
Social progress
cause of, 43
definition of, 148
Social reason, 149
relation of fashion to, 341
Social type, analysis of, 68
Society
starting-point of, 28
economic conception of, criticised, 59-60
distinction between nation and, 65
the organisation of imitativeness, 70
a conception of primitive, 95
equality in primitive, 348
Sociology
as conceived by Comte and Spencer, iv.
scope of pure, ix.-x.
misleading character given to, 1
relation of human to animal, 3
difference between methods of natural science and of, 8-10
more advanced than chemistry or biology, 13
distinction between social philosophy and, ib.
power to predict in, 19
position of race in, 19n.1
distinction between analogies and homologies in, 40
Somnambulism. See Hypnotism.
Spencer, Herbert, iv, xvii, 13, 61n.1, 147, 192n.2, 202, 207, 210, 217n.1, 302sq., 370, 371n.1, 377, 381
Statistical curves
superior to statistical tables, 105
interpretation of, 116sq.
compared to visual images, 132-3
Statistics
made possible through effects of fashion, 16
definition of, 102
the physiology of society, 103
comparison between archæology and, ib.
methods of, 105
gaps in, 108
function of sociological, 110-11
relation of medical, to sociology, 111
meaning of commercial, 112
future of, 133sq.
beginnings of, 134n.1
limitations of, 137
measurement of tendencies to transmission through imitation dependent upon, 194
calculation of actions through, 307
Sympathy
the result of propitious interferences of ideas and volitions, 25
relation of prestige to, 79
T
Taine, 74
Tarde, Gabriel
birth and education of, iii.
his analysis of motive, iii.-iv.
writings of, iii., v., vi., vii., ix., 108n.1, 145n.1, 310n.1, 317n.1, 339n.1, 351n.1
public and professional career of, vi.
See Logique sociale
Thierry, Amédée, 336n.3
Thierry, Augustin, 227
Thompson, 70
Tocqueville, 225n.1, 229, 231, 257, 296, 297, 302sq., 334, 387, 388
Tyndall, 12
U
Undulation. See Vibration.
United States
spread of telephones in the, 115
growth of population in the, 127
imitation among negroes in the, 219n.1
future carrying trade of the, 220-1
Anglo-American type in the, 252
formation of the, 295-7
centralization in the, 306n.1
transportation and communication in the, 309
tobacco-chewing in the, 327
changeability of naval fashions in the, 334
Universal suffrage
value of, 108n.1
calculation of desires through, 307
kingship the necessary antecedent of, 375
V
Vibration
analogous to heredity and imitation, 11, 71, 189, 211-12, 386
resemblances due to, 14
relation of reproduction to, 34, 249
Viollet, Paul, 211n.1, 372n.2, 390n.1
Vogué, Melchoir de, 224n.1
Vortex theory, 70
W
Walras, iii.
War
two opposing sides in, 156-7, 161
accumulable inventions in, 174
strategy constitutes, 182
a substitute for individual struggles, 186
leads to peace. 187
imitation in, 216
its effect upon morality, 350
more civilising for conquered than for conqueror, 368
priority of the chase over, 372
transition from the unilateral to the reciprocal in, 377
Weber, 57
Whitney, 191
Wiener, 93
Women
assimilation of, with men, 66
imitation among, 212-13, 223n.1
smaller number of, in cities than men, 228
originally not the associates of men, 348
emancipation of Athenian, 349
the slaves of primitive men, 375
dress fashions less reversible for men than for, 384
Writing
unknown inventor of, 91
its relation to discoveries, 149
conflict between cuneiform and Phœnician, 154, 168
sacred character of, 205
adoption by Japanese of Chinese, 216n.1
from right to left of sacerdotal origin, 322
habit of, necessary to extensive paper-making, 337
Wurtz, 70
Z
Zoborowski, 330n.1