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Chemistry Techniques and Explorations: An Introductory Chemistry Laboratory Manual: Precipitation Reactions: Solid Formation

Chemistry Techniques and Explorations: An Introductory Chemistry Laboratory Manual
Precipitation Reactions: Solid Formation
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table of contents
  1. About PA-ADOPT
  2. About OER
  3. About the Author
    1. Author Acknowledgements
    2. Goal of Laboratory Manual
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Safety and Record Keeping
    1. Safety Rules
    2. RAMP Approach to Safety
    3. Laboratory Notebook
    4. References
  6. Separating Substances, Measuring Mass, and Analyzing Data - Technique Laboratory
    1. Introduction for Measurement of Masses
    2. Separating a Heterogeneous Mixture and Determining Masses
    3. Experiment
    4. Safety Considerations
    5. Waste Disposal
    6. Introduction for Treatment of Data
    7. Pre-Lab Questions
    8. Post-Lab Questions
    9. References
  7. Measuring Volumes - Technique Laboratory
    1. Motivation
    2. Cleaning Glassware for Volumetric Measurements
    3. Volume Measuring Devices
    4. Practice Technique for Graduated Cylinder, Volumetric Pipet, and Volumetric Flask
    5. Waste Disposal
    6. Safety Considerations
    7. Pre-Lab Questions
    8. Post-Lab Calculations and Questions
  8. Reaction Types and Qualitative Analysis - Technique Laboratory
    1. Introduction
    2. Observing Chemical Reactions
    3. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: Movement of electrons
    4. Acid-Base Reactions: Movement of H+
    5. Precipitation Reactions: Solid Formation
    6. Flame Tests
    7. Safety Considerations
    8. Waste Disposal
    9. Pre-lab Questions
    10. Post-Lab Questions
  9. What is Contaminating the Water Supply? - Exploration Laboratory
    1. Background
    2. Experiment
    3. Available Materials
    4. Data Collection
    5. Safety Considerations
    6. Waste Disposal
    7. Pre-Lab Questions
    8. Post-Lab Questions
  10. Titrations Technique Laboratory
    1. Titration Background and Application
    2. Safety Considerations
    3. Disposal of Waste
    4. Laboratory Activities
    5. Calculations
    6. Pre-Lab Questions
    7. Post-Lab Questions
    8. References
  11. What is the Acidity of Vinegar? - Exploration Laboratory
    1. Background
    2. Experiment
    3. Safety Considerations
    4. Disposal of Waste
    5. Pre-Lab Questions
    6. Post-Lab Questions
    7. References
  12. Absorption Spectroscopy Technique Laboratory
    1. Absorbance Spectroscopy Background
    2. Ultraviolet-Visible Absorbance Spectroscopy
    3. Safety Considerations
    4. Disposal of Waste
    5. Laboratory Activities
    6. Calculations
    7. Pre-Lab Questions
    8. Post-Lab Questions
    9. References
  13. What is the Dye Composition of a Drink?-Exploration Laboratory
    1. Background
    2. Experiment
    3. Safety Considerations
    4. Disposal of Waste
    5. Pre-Lab Questions
    6. Post-Lab Questions
    7. References

Precipitation Reactions: Solid

Formation

Precipitation reactions occur when two soluble ionic

compounds react to form an insoluble solid

(precipitate). These reactions can be predicted by

knowing solubility rules. The driving force for these

reactions is the formation of an insoluble solid.

We will test the following solutions with both silver

nitrate and barium nitrate. The silver and barium

tests are a good way to determine what anions are

present in a solution of an ionic compound.

Sodium Chloride, Sodium Acetate, Sodium

Sulfate, Sodium Carbonate, Sodium Nitrate,

and Sodium Chromate.

Precipitation Reactions 1: Silver Nitrate

Record your observations when adding three drops of silver nitrate solution to a

small amount of each of these solutions in a small test tube.

Write balanced full and net ionic equations for each ch emical reaction

that occurs.

Precipitation Reactions 3: Barium Chloride

Record your observations when adding three drops of silver nitrate solution to a

small amount of each of these solutions in a small test tube.

Write balanced full and net ionic equations for each chemical reaction

that occurs.

Flame Tests

Flame tests are often used to identify cations in soluble ionic compounds. Think

about the vibrant colors you see in fireworks. The same process occurring to

produce color in fireworks is what we will see with flame tests. Many cations give

off characteristic colors when placed in the outer cone of a flame.

39

Beaker showing the formation of a bright yellow solid in a precipitation reaction.

Figure 4.1: Lead nitrate and sodium iodide are mixed to give a lead iodide precipitate. This Wikimedia image is shared under a CC BY-3.0 license. Figure 4.1: Lead nitrate and sodium iodide are mixed to give a lead iodide precipitate. This Wikimedia image is shared under a CC BY-3.0 license.

Figure 4.1: Lead nitrate and

sodium iodide are mixed to give a

lead iodide precipitate. This

Wikimedia image is shared under

a CC BY-3.0 license.

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