basic, phenolphthalein loses an H⁺ and then changes to a pink color. To test

solutions with phenolphthalein, only a few drops (2 to 3) of the indicator are

added to a solution.

We will test each of the following 1M solutions with red and blue litmus and with

phenolphthalein.

NaCl, HCl, NaOH, Ammonium Chloride, and Sodium Carbonate

Classify all these solutions as acidic, basic, or neutral based on your

observations.

Acid-Base Reaction 1: HCl with Sodium Carbonate

Mix equal volumes of the HCl and sodium carbonate solutions you tested above.

Make observations based on your senses to determine if a reaction occurred.

Record all observations and write the balanced chemical reaction along

with the full and net ionic equations. Was the reaction exothermic or

endothermic?

Acid-Base Reaction 2: HCl with NaOH

Mix equal volumes of the HCl and sodium hydroxide solutions you tested above.

Make observations based on your senses to determine if a reaction occurred.

Record all observations and write the balanced chemical reaction along

with the full and net ionic equations. Was the reaction exothermic or

endothermic?

Acid-Base Reaction 3: Ammonium chloride with NaOH

Mix equal volumes of the ammonium chloride and sodium hydroxide solutions

you tested above. Make observations based on your senses to determine if a

reaction occurred.

Record all observations and write the balanced chemical reaction along

with the full and net ionic equations. Was the reaction exothermic or

endothermic?

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