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Chemistry Techniques and Explorations: An Introductory Chemistry Laboratory Manual: 75

Chemistry Techniques and Explorations: An Introductory Chemistry Laboratory Manual
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table of contents
  1. About PA-ADOPT
  2. About OER
  3. About the Author
    1. Author Acknowledgements
    2. Goal of Laboratory Manual
  4. Table of Contents
  5. Safety and Record Keeping
    1. Safety Rules
    2. RAMP Approach to Safety
    3. Laboratory Notebook
    4. References
  6. Separating Substances, Measuring Mass, and Analyzing Data - Technique Laboratory
    1. Introduction for Measurement of Masses
    2. Separating a Heterogeneous Mixture and Determining Masses
    3. Experiment
    4. Safety Considerations
    5. Waste Disposal
    6. Introduction for Treatment of Data
    7. Pre-Lab Questions
    8. Post-Lab Questions
    9. References
  7. Measuring Volumes - Technique Laboratory
    1. Motivation
    2. Cleaning Glassware for Volumetric Measurements
    3. Volume Measuring Devices
    4. Practice Technique for Graduated Cylinder, Volumetric Pipet, and Volumetric Flask
    5. Waste Disposal
    6. Safety Considerations
    7. Pre-Lab Questions
    8. Post-Lab Calculations and Questions
  8. Reaction Types and Qualitative Analysis - Technique Laboratory
    1. Introduction
    2. Observing Chemical Reactions
    3. Oxidation-Reduction Reactions: Movement of electrons
    4. Acid-Base Reactions: Movement of H+
    5. Precipitation Reactions: Solid Formation
    6. Flame Tests
    7. Safety Considerations
    8. Waste Disposal
    9. Pre-lab Questions
    10. Post-Lab Questions
  9. What is Contaminating the Water Supply? - Exploration Laboratory
    1. Background
    2. Experiment
    3. Available Materials
    4. Data Collection
    5. Safety Considerations
    6. Waste Disposal
    7. Pre-Lab Questions
    8. Post-Lab Questions
  10. Titrations Technique Laboratory
    1. Titration Background and Application
    2. Safety Considerations
    3. Disposal of Waste
    4. Laboratory Activities
    5. Calculations
    6. Pre-Lab Questions
    7. Post-Lab Questions
    8. References
  11. What is the Acidity of Vinegar? - Exploration Laboratory
    1. Background
    2. Experiment
    3. Safety Considerations
    4. Disposal of Waste
    5. Pre-Lab Questions
    6. Post-Lab Questions
    7. References
  12. Absorption Spectroscopy Technique Laboratory
    1. Absorbance Spectroscopy Background
    2. Ultraviolet-Visible Absorbance Spectroscopy
    3. Safety Considerations
    4. Disposal of Waste
    5. Laboratory Activities
    6. Calculations
    7. Pre-Lab Questions
    8. Post-Lab Questions
    9. References
  13. What is the Dye Composition of a Drink?-Exploration Laboratory
    1. Background
    2. Experiment
    3. Safety Considerations
    4. Disposal of Waste
    5. Pre-Lab Questions
    6. Post-Lab Questions
    7. References

Data Collection

When collecting data, keep everything well organized and labeled. Think about

the experiments you will be performing. What data will need to be recorded? Set

up tables for yourself to keep the data organized.

Additional Considerations

Think back to last week’s measurements. We measured the absorbance spectrum

and created a calibration curve for a single dye.

One complication when two dyes are present is that the absorbances from the

dyes can overlap. Thus, we need to correct for the overlap since the absorbance

at a wavelength of maximum absorbance can come from two sources (each dye).

Each dye will have its own wavelength of maximum absorbance, but then it may

also have some absorbance at the maximum of the other dye and interfere.

The easiest way to correct for this is

to look at the absorbance spectra of

the pure dyes by themselves to find

the relationships between the two

wavelengths. For example, Yellow

Dye 5 has a maximum absorbance

near 425 nm and Red Dye 40 has a

maximum absorbance near 505 nm.

Unfortunately, Yellow Dye 5 also has

a small absorbance at 505 nm and

Red Dye 40 has an absorbance at

425 nm.

If both dyes are present, then an absorbance at 425 nm (A425) comes from two

sources: yellow dye (AY5@425)  and red dye(AR40@425). The absorbance at 505 nm

(A505) will also come from two sources: red dye (AR40@505) and yellow dye (AY5@505).

equation.pdf

equation.pdf

75

Graph of absorbance spectra (absorbance vs. concentration) of red Dye No 40. Graph shows an absorbance maximum at 505 nm. The absorbance at the maximum is 1.04. The absorbance at 425 nm is 0.319.

Figure 9.2: Absorbance spectra of Red Dye No. 40 highlighting important analysis locations. The raw data is available as a supplementary resource. Figure 9.2: Absorbance spectra of Red Dye No. 40 highlighting important analysis locations. The raw data is available as a supplementary resource.

Figure 9.2: Absorbance spectra of Red Dye No. 40

highlighting important analysis locations. The raw data

is available as a supplementary resource.

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