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Introduction to Chemistry: 1.0 Introduction

Introduction to Chemistry
1.0 Introduction
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table of contents
  1. Cover
  2. Title Page
  3. Copyright
  4. Table Of Contents
  5. Introduction
  6. Preface
  7. Acknowledgements
  8. About the Authors
  9. Chapter 1. Chemistry: An Experimental Science
    1. 1.0 Introduction
    2. 1.1 Chemistry in Context
    3. 1.2 Phases and Classification of Matter
    4. 1.3 Physical and Chemical Properties
  10. Chapter 2. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
    1. 2.0 Introduction
    2. 2.1 Atomic Theory
    3. 2.2 Beyond Dalton’s Atomic Theory
    4. 2.3 Atomic Structure and Symbols
    5. 2.4 Chemical Formulas
    6. 2.5 The Periodic Table
  11. Chapter 3. Ions, Bonding and Compound Formation
    1. 3.0 Introduction
    2. 3.1 Ionic and Molecular Compounds
    3. 3.2 Nomenclature of Simple Ionic and Molecular Compounds
  12. Chapter 4. Chemical Reactions and Equations
    1. 4.0 Introduction
    2. 4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
    3. 4.2 Precipitation Reactions
    4. 4.3 Acid-Base Reactions
    5. 4.4 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
  13. Chapter 5. Bridging the Macroscopic and Microscopic Realms
    1. 5.0 Introduction
    2. 5.1 Formula Mass
    3. 5.2 The Mole
    4. 5.3 Reaction Stoichiometry
    5. 5.4 Limiting Reactant and Reaction Yields
  14. Chapter 6. Solutions
    1. 6.0 Introduction
    2. 6.1 Solution Concentration and Molarity
    3. 6.2 Other Concentration Units
  15. Chapter 7. Chemical Bonding and Lewis Structures
    1. 7.0 Introduction
    2. 7.1 Covalent Bonding
    3. 7.2 Lewis Dot Structures
    4. 7.3 Lewis Structures and Covalent Compounds
  16. Additional Reading: Electronic Structure of Atoms
    1. 8.0 Introduction
    2. 8.1 Electromagnetic Energy
    3. 8.2 Quantization of the Energy of Electrons
    4. 8.3 Development of Quantum Theory
    5. 8.4 Electronic Structure of Atoms
    6. 8.5 Periodic Trends
  17. Chapter LAB1. Making Measurements
    1. Introduction
    2. LAB1.1 Expressing Numbers
    3. LAB1.2 Measurements and Units
    4. LAB1.3 Measurement Uncertainty, Accuracy, and Precision
    5. LAB1.4 Mathematical Treatment of Measurement Results – Unit Conversions
    6. LAB1.5 Density – A Derived Unit and Conversion Factor
  18. Appendix
  19. Appendix A: The Periodic Table
  20. Appendix B: Essential Mathematics
  21. Appendix C: Units and Conversion Factors
  22. Appendix D: Fundamental Physical Constants

1

1.0 Introduction

Your alarm goes off and, after hitting “snooze” once or twice, you pry yourself out of bed. You make a cup of coffee to help you get going, and then you shower, get dressed, eat breakfast, and check your phone for messages. On your way to the grocery store, you stop to fill your car’s gas tank. After your errands are complete you get back home, log on and settle in to read a little for your Chemistry class.

Has chemistry had any impact on your day this morning?

A photo collage shows a cup of black coffee, a hand covered in foamy soap, a remote control, and a gasoline pump nozzle inserted into a vehicle’s gas tank.
Figure 1. Chemical substances and processes are essential for our existence, providing sustenance, keeping us clean and healthy, fabricating electronic devices, enabling transportation, and much more. (credit “left”: modification of work by “vxla”/Flickr; credit “left middle”: modification of work by “the Italian voice”/Flickr; credit “right middle”: modification of work by Jason Trim; credit “right”: modification of work by “gosheshe”/Flickr)

Absolutely. You may be studying chemistry because it fulfills an academic requirement, but if you consider your daily activities, you might find chemistry interesting for other reasons. Most everything you do and encounter during your day involves chemistry. Making coffee, cooking eggs, and toasting bread involve chemistry. The products you use—like soap and shampoo, the fabrics you wear, the electronics that keep you connected to your world, the gasoline that propels your car—all of these and more involve chemical substances and processes. Whether you are aware or not, chemistry is part of your everyday world. In this course, you will learn many of the essential principles underlying the chemistry of modern life.

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1.1 Chemistry in Context
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Chemistry
Copyright © 2020 by Carol Higginbotham. Introduction to Chemistry by Carol Higginbotham is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.
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