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An Essay Towards a Philosophy of Education: A Liberal Education for All: An Essay Towards a Philosophy of Education, by Charlotte M. Mason—A Project Gutenberg eBook

An Essay Towards a Philosophy of Education: A Liberal Education for All
An Essay Towards a Philosophy of Education, by Charlotte M. Mason—A Project Gutenberg eBook
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table of contents
  1. Front Matter
    1. Contents
    2. Foreword
    3. Preface
  2. A Short Synopsis
  3. Introduction
    1. I
    2. II
    3. III
  4. Book I
    1. Chapter I: Self-Education
    2. Chapter II: Children Are Born Persons
      1. 1.—The Mind of a Child
      2. 2.—The Mind of a School-Child
      3. 3.—Motives for Learning
    3. Chapter III: The Good and Evil Nature of a Child
      1. 1.—Well-Being of Body
      2. 2.—Well-Being of Mind
      3. 3.—Intellectual Appetite
      4. 4.—Misdirected Affections
      5. 5.—The Well-Being of the Soul
    4. Chapter IV: Authority and Docility
    5. Chapter V: the Sacredness of Personality
    6. Chapter VI: Three Instruments of Education
      1. I.—Education Is an Atmosphere
      2. 2.—Education Is a Discipline
      3. 3.—Education Is a Life
    7. Chapter VII: How We Make Use of Mind
    8. Chapter VIII: The Way of the Will
    9. Chapter IX: The Way of the Reason
    10. Chapter X: The Curriculum
      1. Section I: The Knowledge of God
      2. Section II: The Knowledge of Man
        1. a. History
        2. b. Literature
        3. c. Morals and Economics: Citizenship
        4. d. Composition
        5. e. Languages
        6. f. Art
      3. Section III: The Knowledge of the Universe
        1. a. Science
        2. b. Mathematics
        3. c. Physical Development Handicrafts
  5. Book II: Theory Applied
    1. Chapter I: A Liberal Education in Elementary Schools
    2. Chapter II: A Liberal Education in Secondary Schools
    3. Chapter III: The Scope of Continuation Schools
    4. Chapter IV: The Basis of National Strength--a Liberal Education From a National Standpoint
      1. I: Knowledge
      2. II: Letters, Knowledge and Virtue
      3. III: Knowledge, Reason, and Rebellion
      4. IV: New and Old Conceptions of Knowledge
      5. V: Education and the Fullness of Life
      6. VI: Knowledge in Literary Form
  6. Supplementary: Too Wide a Mesh
  7. Back Matter
    1. Index
    2. Footnotes:
    3. The Full Project Gutenberg License

abridged editions, 183

Abt Vogler, 324

academic solution of educational problems, the, 254, 288

Academy (French), 252, 256

Across the Bridges, by A. Paterson, 118, 119, 300

act of knowing, 99, 254, 271, 292, 298;
knowledge acquired by, 291

Adams, Professor John, 112

æsthetic sense, 43;
open to disaster, 56

affections, mis-directed, 58

Albrecht, Dr., 162

allusions, literary, 264

Ambleside, 212, 217

Ambleside Geography, The, 226-229

Amyot, on history, 273

anarchy, 69

‘Angelic Doctor,’ The, 284

‘aniseed drops,’ educational, 302

aphasia, our national, 269

‘appetency,’ 56, 107

apprenticeship, 328

architecture, 77, 217, 220

arithmetic, 59, 73, 141, 151, 152, 230-233

Armstrong, Dr., 280

Arnold, Dr., 257, 340, 341

Arnold, Matthew, 239, 252, 258, 309, 315, 342

art, xxx, 14, 43, 45, 63, 154, 157, 254;
teaching of, 213-217, 275;
is of the spirit, 214;
power of appreciating, 214;
reverent knowledge of, 214

Arthur, King, 28

assimilation, 259

astronomy, 50, 220, 222

Astrophel, 100

athleticism and mental activity, 72

atmosphere, education is an, xxix, 94-99

attention, 259;
a habit, 100;
a natural function, 171;
how secured, 13-15, 17, 28, 45, 76, 255;
must not have crutches, 258;
power of, present in children, xxxi, 7, 14, 18, 76, 154, 171, 255, 263, 290;
the hall-mark of an educated person, 99;
the prime agent in education, 16, 76, 247;
weakened by efforts to memorise, 17;
unfailing, 17, 171, 291

Aus Meinem Leben (Goethe), 161

Austen, Jane, 16, 77, 193, 294

authority, natural, necessary and fundamental, xxix, 68-78, 97, 134;
deputed, 68;
the condition of liberty, 69;
order, outcome of, 69;
chastened, 71;
vide self-authority

average boy, the, 300, 310, 312


Bacon, 7, 29, 61, 105, 124, 143

Barnaby Rudge, 259, 282

‘Baron of Bradwardine,’ the, 312

Bergson, Henri, 173

Bernhardi, F. von, 3

Bible, The, 143, 186, 272, 273;
in curriculum, 30, 40, 61-65, 160-165, 254;
fine English of, 160, 309;
method of, lesson, 159-169;
and critical teaching, 163

Big Mesh, The system of the, 344

biology, 221

Blake, William, 79

Board of Education, 250

body, well-being of, 46;
a sound, 189

Bompas Smith, Professor, 27

Bonnot, 327

books, many, xxx, 7, 12, 15, 30, 59, 76, 267, 271, 303;
living, xxx, 303;
worthy, 12, 18, 26, 52, 75, 104, 191, 260, 268;
delight in, 28;
text-books, 50, 53, 105, 256, 263, 271, 275;
difficulty of choosing, 187, 248;
choice of, 248, 272;
P.U.S., tested by examinations, 248;
‘classes’ and ‘masses’ must read the same, 264;
about books, 341

Bosanquet, Bernard, 149

Bose, Professor Sir Jagadis Chandra, 95

botany, 220, 221

brain, adaptation of, to habits, xxx, 101;
thought not a function of, 2, 4, 260;
subject to same conditions as body, 38;
should not know fatigue, 38;
mind takes care of, 330

British Association, The, 222, 251

British Museum, The, 77, 175, 176, 274

Browning, Robert, 100, 133, 215, 331

Büchner, 4

Burns, John, 300

Bushido, 133


‘Caleb Garth,’ 61

‘Caleb Balderstone,’ 314

Carlyle, Thomas, 238, 288

Catechism, The, 169

Cavell, Nurse, 77, 141

Character, the one achievement possible, 129;
more important than conduct, 129;
formation of, 264, 278;
magnanimity of, 248

Charles IX, 50

chemistry, 254

Childe Harold (Byron), 186

child-garden, 24

children, waiting for call of knowledge, xxv;
are born persons, xxix, 13, 18, 29, 36, 80, 238;
have good and evil tendencies, xxix, 47-49, 52, 61, 66, 85, 86, 88, 89;
must live under natural conditions, xxix, 96-99;
have appetite for knowledge, xxx, 10, 11-13, 14, 18, 29, 44, 53, 58, 62, 77, 89, 91, 124;
can deal with knowledge, xxx, 10, 14, 18, 40, 72, 109, 117, 154, 237, 263;
require much and various knowledge, xxx, 11, 12, 14, 19, 25, 72, 109, 111, 116, 125, 154, 157, 253, 256, 263, 288-290;
and in literary form, xxxi, 13, 17, 18, 29, 30, 51, 92, 109, 154, 160, 172, 218, 248, 256, 260, 291;
have power of attention, xxxi, 7, 14, 18, 29, 75, 154, 171, 255, 263, 291;
enormous educability of, xxxi;
must have principles of conduct, xxxi, 62;
must have responsibility of learning, 6, 74, 99;
have powers common to all, 8;
backward, 9, 62, 183, 245, 255, 291;
are ignorant, 10;
have imagination, 10, 18, 36, 41, 50;
and judgment, 10, 18;
hindered by apparatus of teacher, 11, 54;
made apathetic by spiritual malnutrition, 11, 54;
must have great thoughts, 12, 40;
must read many books, xxx, 7, 12, 15, 30, 59, 76, 267, 271, 303;
must read to know, 13, 99;
are bored by talk, 15, 19, 41, 44, 52, 58;
intellectual capacity of, belittled, 26, 31, 75, 81, 158, 192, 238, 246;
are not all alike, 30, 241;
first notions of, 35;
and language, 35;
early thoughts of, 36, 238;
experience what they hear and read, 40;
hearts of, thoroughly furnished, 43, 60;
of the slums, 44, 63, 256, 260, 293;
all, persons of infinite possibilities, 44, 156;
start fair, 47;
muscles and nerves of, 48;
have power to sense meaning, 51, 181;
not intellectual ruminants, 53;
dangers of feeding, morally, 59;
must think fairly, 61;
capacity and needs of, 66, 157;
and the sense of ‘must,’ 73;
offences against, 81;
must be relieved of decisions, 97;
need bracing, not too stimulating, atmosphere, 98;
should not ‘run wild,’ 98;
must form good habits, 100;
grow upon ideas, 109;
should know something of their own capacities, 131, 187, 189;
must follow arguments and detect fallacies, 147;
must know what religion is, 149;
educational rights of, 157, 339;
howlers of v. mistakes, 158, 256;
have affinity for God, 158;
able for school education at five, but no conscious mental effort desirable until six, 159;
examination answers of, 167, 168, 185, 191, 193, 194, 195-209, 244;
enjoy classical names, 181;
must see life whole, 187;
must learn science of proportion, 187;
chastely taught, watch their thoughts, 188;
do not generalise, 224;
devitalised, 237;
not products of education or environment, 238;
not incomplete beings, but ignorant, 238;
powers of, 9, 238, 255;
shown in verses, 242-243;
offer a resisting medium, 253;
need physical and mechanical training, 255;
beings ‘of large discourse,’ 305;
should be persons of leisure, 305

China, schools of, 343

Chinese Empire, 179

Christ, parables of, 304;
gave profoundest philosophy to the multitude, 332;
does not exist for our uses only, 336;
teaching of, must receive profound attention, 337

Christianity, 336

Chrysostom, St., Prayer of, 64

cinematograph displays, 340

Circe, 186, 267

Citizens to Be, by Miss M. L. V. Hughes, 235

citizenship, 185-189, 254, 274;
the inspiration of, 185;
ancillary to history, 185;
problem of good and evil in, 186

Cizek, Herr, 216

Coleridge, S. T., 35, 56, 105-108, 110, 233, 290, 318, 322

Colet, Dean, xxvi, 247

Collingwood, Lord, 60

Comenius, 8, 20, 291

composition, 190-209;
oral, 190, 269;
art of, should not be taught, 190, 192, 269;
not an adjunct of education, 192;
in verse, 193, 242;
definite teaching of, in Forms V and VI, 193, 194;
power of, innate in children, 191;
written, 192;
comes of free and exact use of books, 193;
children’s, 195-209

concentration, 8, 15;
innate, 171

Coningsby, 348

conscience, present in infant, 37;
governing power of man, 131

Continuation Schools, edited by Sir Michael Sadler, 285

Continuation Schools, a Liberal Education in, 119, 124, 127, 147;
the scope of, 279-299;
movement and technical education, 279;
not for technical instruction, but for things of the mind, 287

Copenhagen, 285

Copts, 314

Cornwell, Jack, 141

correlation, principle of, 276

correlation lessons, 114, ff.

Council Schools, P.U.S. work in, xxv, 77, 81, 181, 182, 195, 241, 290, 293

‘countenance,’ a manifestation of thought, 301

‘Creakle, Mr.’ 81, 101

Curie, Madame, 141

curriculum, a full, xxx, 14, 19, 30, 154, 263;
a common, 12, 293;
principles bearing upon the, 13, 31, 156-158;
in P.U.S., 15, 28, 154-234;
in Grammar and Public Schools, 85;
and the formation of habits, 99;
in Elementary Schools, 155;
standard set by examinations, 233;
a complete, suggested by the nature of things, 156


Damien, Father, 60

dancing, 234

Darwin, 3, 4, 5, 54

David Copperfield, 81, 111, 238

democracy, 312

Demos clamours for humanistic education, 299

Denmark, education in, 123, 283-287, 291, 306

De Quincey, 29, 103, 333

Departmental Committee on English, 269

desires, which stimulate mind, 11, 88;
cater for spiritual sustenance, 11;
atrophy of, 89;
v. other desires, 247;
must be used wisely, 56;
right and wrong, 84

Dewey, Professor, 280

Dickens, 81, 111

discipline, xxix, xxx;
secured by knowledge-hunger, 11;
education a, 99-104

discrimination, 259

diversion, xxxi

Divine Spirit, xxxi;
Divine sanctions, 20

docility, 68;
universal, 69;
v. subservience, 71;
implies equality, 71

Doll’s House, The (Ibsen), 327

drawing, 217, 329

Drighlington Girls’ School, xxv, 236


economics, 73, 313

education;
a liberal, xxv, 8, 21, 78, 92, 127, 235, 250, 261, 264, 266, 271, 294, 296;
gives stability of mind, 248;
makes for sound judgment, 56;
three instruments of, xxix, 94;
and atmosphere, xxix, 94-99;
and discipline of habit, xxix, xxx, 99-104;
is a life, xxix, 104-111;
is the Science of Relations, xxx, 31, 154;
little dependent on heredity and environment, xxxi;
errors in, 2, 5, 24, 26, 38, 41, 44, 53, 58, 59, 75-77, 82-89, 91, 94-96, 98, 105, 110, 114-122, 129, 155, 178, 190, 237, 246, 254, 304;
a philosophy of, 2, 18, 67;
and training, 3, 5, 6, 20, 39, 48, 147, 287;
must nourish mind, 6, 72, 105, 111, 253, 255, 260;
discoveries in, 9, 62, 68, 104, 255, 256, 290;
and the Desires, 11, 58, 84-90;
Knowledge the concern of, 2, 93, 266;
is of the spirit, 12, 26, 30, 38, 39, 125;
attention, the prime agent of, 16, 76, 247;
lacks exact application of principles, 19;
“new,” 27;
distinguished from psychology, sociology, pathology, 27;
in want of a unifying theory, 32;
does not produce mind, 36;
and use of leisure, 42, 79, 121;
the work of, 46, 60, 248, 281, 287;
the handmaid of Religion, 46, 79, 248;
business of, always with us, 54;
of the feelings, 59;
of the soul, 63;
drowned by talk, 65;
and capacity of child, 66;
a going forth of the mind, 66, 137;
popular, 76;
a free, 85, 146;
definite progress a condition of, 91;
not mainly gymnastic in function, 108, 236;
in Denmark and Scandinavia, 123, 125, 283-287, 291, 306;
in Germany, 123, 125, 279, 280, 306;
utilitarian, 125, 156, 180, 224, 279-283, 302;
co-existent with moral bankruptcy, 281;
in France, 125;
in Switzerland, 125;
Secondary, 127, 250-278;
less liberty than in Primary, 155;
character, the aim of, 129, 287;
must fortify will, 131;
title deeds of, 156;
beginning of definite, 159;
a science of proportion, 231-233;
a social lever, 245;
solves problems of decent living, 245;
a venture of faith, 245;
part and parcel of Religion, 246;
v. Civilisation, 248;
a common, 249, 264, 296;
a democratic, 265;
not for the best children only, 254;
hindered by materialism, 259;
an exclusive, our great achievement, 265;
overlapping in, 265;
a literary, open to all, 268;
humanistic, affects conduct, 293;
an early, from great books, the true foundation of knowledge, 308;
of the race, 324;
new systems of, 325;
result of forty years’, 342;
should be universal boon like air, 343;
as exemplified by two Public School boys, 343-348

Education Act, 121, 122

Eliot, George, 61

efficiency, 125

Elementary Schools, 326;
P.N.E.U. propaganda on behalf of, xxvii;
P.U.S. methods in, xxxi, 13, 14, 39, 44, 50, 268;
books in, 53;
concentration schemes in, 115;
A Liberal Education in, 235-249;
gain by no marks, no places, 247

Emile, by J. J. Rousseau, 338

Encyclopædia Britannica, 5, 17

‘English,’ 86, 147, 209-211

English Literature, 124, 298

environment, xxix, 94-99;
educability of children little dependent on, xxxi, 155;
not way to mind, 38;
v. atmosphere, 96;
children not products of, 238

Erasmus, 187, 340

erudition, 310

ethics, 14, 254, 274

Ethics of the Dust, by John Ruskin, 223

Eton, 252, 308, 348

Eucken, Professor, 249, 296

Euclid, 152, 233

eugenics, 313

eurhythmics, 251, 255

examinations, 231, 256, 277, 291;
University entrance, 155, 233;
and scholarships, 155;
P.U.S., 158, 167, 168, 171, 178, 220, 221, 241-243, 262, 270, 272, 293-296;
should set less exacting standard, 256;
tests which shall safeguard Letters, 312;
papers and children’s answers, 195-209

Ezekiel, 55


faculties, 11, 17, 259, 263, 266;
out-of-date, 2, 230, 255;
Büchner on, 4;
none to develop, 255, 276

fallacious arguments, 326

Fichte, 279, 306

Fisher, Mr. H. A. L., 53, 122, 126

Fouillée, M., 110

Fox, Charles, 29;
on poetry, 317

Four Georges, The, by Thackeray, 171

France, Anatole, 317

France, education in, 125

Francis, St., 60

Franklin, the Hon. Mrs., xxviii

Frederick the Great, 3

French, the teaching of, 211-213

French Revolution, The, 4, 92

Fuller, Thomas, xxvii


Gaddi, Taddeo, 322

games, 188;
should be joyous relaxation rather than stern necessity, 267

Genesis, 309

geography, teaching of, 14, 30, 40, 59, 177, 220, 221, 224-230;
dangers of ‘scientific,’ 41;
suffers from utilitarian spirit, 224;
and travel, 226;
the romance of, 227;
not generalisations, 227;
inferential method of teaching, 227-228;
panoramic method, 227-228;
literary character of, 228

geology, teaching of, 221

geometry, the teaching of, 233

German, the teaching of, 213

Germany, moral breakdown of, 3, 123;
influence of Darwin on, 3, 4;
utilitarianism in, 6, 123, 125, 280, 286, 306;
cult of æstheticism in, 95;
philosophers of, 3, 4;
school curriculum in, 6;
efficiency in, 282, 283

Gibbon, 124

Gladstone, W. E., 281

Gloucester teachers’ P.U.S. conference, 183

Gloucestershire, 51, 90

God, knowledge of, 64, 65, 158-169, 239, 246, 254, 287, 289, 310, 315;
the principal knowledge, 272, 338

‘Godfrey Bertram,’ 122

Goethe, 40, 160-162, 273, 299

Gordon, General, 141

Gordon Riots, 130

Gorky, Maxim, 62

Gospels, The, 165, 166, 169

grammar, the teaching of, 7, 10, 141, 151, 152, 209-211, 269

Greek, 124, 155, 254, 308

Greeks and the power of words, 316

Gregory, Sir Richard, on science teaching, 222

Grundtvig, 125, 283, 284, 291

Guy Mannering, 122, 331

gymnastics, intellectual and physical v. knowledge, 236


Habit, xxix, 53, 99-104, 128, 147;
is inevitable, 101;
a bad master, 101;
act repeated becomes, 102;
religious, 103

Haeckel, Ernst, 4

Hague, The, 285

Haldane, Lord, 26

Hall, Professor Stanley, 280

Hamlet, 179, 183

handicrafts, xxx, 31, 73, 154, 217, 234, 251, 255, 328

Heart of Midlothian, The, 331

Henry VIII, 170, 173

Herbart, 112, 113, 114, 117

Herbartian doctrine, xxx, 113, 117

Herbert, George, 64

heredity, educability of children little dependent on, xxxi, 155

High School girl, the, 326

history, 14, 30, 42, 50, 59, 62, 73, 77, 151, 157, 169-180, 254, 267;
a vital part of education, 169, 273;
church, 169;
English, 170-175, 176, 177;
French, 175, 176, 177;
ancient, 175, 176, 177, 274;
Indian, 176, 267;
European, 176, 177;
British Empire, 176;
and literature, 176, 177, 180, 184, 269, 274;
and citizenship, 185, 274;
geographical aspects of, 177;
as a background for thought, 178;
time given to, 170;
necessary for a sane life, 178;
gives weight to decision, consideration to action, stability to conduct, 179;
charts, by Miss Beale, 177

Home Education Series, 6, 27

Homer, 182, 190

home work, 9

hope, we want, 335

Horace, 78, 264

horde, spirit of, a dangerous tendency, 300

Household, Mr. H. W., 90, 212

House of Education, The, 15, 212, 213, 276

“howlers,” 158, 256

Humanism, 240;
for the people at large, 235

humanistic training surest basis for business capacity, 285

‘Humanities,’ The, 14, 157, 235, 239, 260, 297, 305;
in English, 298

human nature, prefers natural to spiritual law, 3;
a composite whole, 156;
possibilities of, infinite and various, 156;
an ordered presentation of the powers of, 189;
has not failed, 335

Huxley on the teaching of science, 218

hygiene, 220


Ideas, xxix, xxx, 290;
mind feeds on, xxx, 10, 20, 25, 39, 40, 105, 109, 110, 117, 256;
informing, xxx, 26, 154;
initial, xxxi;
Platonic, 10, 108;
that influence life, 25;
give birth to acts, 80, 102, 303;
potency of, 105;
rise and progress of, 106, 107;
Coleridge’s ‘captain,’ 110;
behaviour of, 113;
correlation of, 114;
instruct conscience and stimulate will, 130;
choice between, 134;
growth of, 297

Ignorance, dangers of, 1, 5, 279, 299, 310, 314;
is not incapacity, 63;
our national stumbling-block, 239;
only one cure for, 239

Imagination, 25, 259;
present in children, 11, 18, 36, 41, 50;
present in infant, 37;
may be stored with evil images, 55

Incuria of children, 52, 254, 292

India, 267

influence, 83

information v. knowledge, 26, 184, 303, 321

initiative, 25

insincerity an outcome of ignorance, 326

integrity, 61

intellect not a class prerogative, 12;
enthroned in every child, 50

intellectual conversion, xxv, xxvi

intellectual appetite, 56

intelligence not a matter of inheritance and environment, 12

introspection, 66

irresponsibility characterises our generation, 313

Isaiah, 106, 309, 318

Italian, teaching of, 213


James, Professor William, 113, 114

Japan, 133;
revolution in, 306

Jewish nation, history of, 162

Joan and Peter, by H. G. Wells, 95, 252, 266

Johnson, Dr., 143, 160;
on questions, 257

Jordan, xxvi

judgment, power of, 259;
present in children, 9, 18

justice, 60-62


Kant, 306

Keble, 167

Kidd, Benjamin, 69

King Lear, 45, 242

Kipling, Rudyard, 89, 135, 181

Kirschensteiner, Dr. and Munich Schools, 280

knowledge, call of, xxv;
appetite for, xxx, 10, 11, 14, 18, 20, 29, 44, 53, 57, 77, 89, 90, 92, 117, 124, 253, 255, 290, 302;
must be vital, xxx, 39, 44, 105, 154;
quantity and variety of, xxx, 11, 14, 19, 116, 123, 154, 157, 253, 256, 257, 263, 288, 289, 290;
must be literary in form, xxx, 13, 15, 18, 29, 30, 51, 91, 109, 111, 154, 160, 172, 218, 248, 256, 260, 290;
assimilation of, xxx, 12, 14, 16, 18, 155, 240, 292;
the sole concern of education, 2, 12, 93;
the necessary food of mind, 2, 18, 75, 88, 239, 256, 258;
consecutive, 7, 158, 172, 244, 261, 267;
accurate, 8;
what is? 12, 239, 254, 303;
a basis of common, for all classes, 20, 78, 264, 293, 298, 299;
not sensation, 26;
of good and evil, 46;
love of, sufficient stimulus for work, 58, 79, 98;
of God, 64, 65, 158-169, 239, 246, 254, 272, 287, 289, 310, 315, 338;
formative influence of, 65;
brings freedom, 71, 73;
depreciation of, 76, 301, 316;
is delectable, 89;
creates bracing atmosphere, 97;
v. teaching, 118;
is virtue, 127, 235;
of man, 169-218, 239, 254, 289, 315;
of the Universe, 218-234, 239, 254, 289, 316;
relativity of, and mind, 237, 240, 324;
stops friction, 238;
substitutes for, 302;
‘The source of pleasure,’ 302;
Matthew Arnold on, 239;
received with attention, and fixed by narration, 259;
not same as academic success, 266;
unifying effect of, 267;
‘Meet for the people,’ 292;
a distinction between, and scholarship, 305;
‘Letters,’ the content of, 308;
not a store but a state, 309;
of the Life, the Truth, the Way, 317;
the basis of a nation’s strength, 321;
v. information, 303, 321;
mediæval conception of, 321;
all, is sacred, 324;
a great unity, 324;
and ‘learning,’ 325;
exalteth a nation, 342

Kultur, 286


Lamb, Charles, 16, 258, 260

languages, the teaching of, 209-213, 254, 276

Latin, the teaching of, 94, 124, 155, 213

League of Nations, 169

learning, by rote, 257;
and knowledge, 325;
labour of, not decreased by narrowing curriculum, 158

Lecky, Mr., on utilitarian theory, 280

Lehrbuch zur Psychologie, 113

Leibnitz, 110, 113

Leonardo da Vinci, 54

lessons, dull routine, 44

‘Letters,’ knowledge and virtue, 307;
the vehicle of knowledge, 308;
a knowledge of, necessary, 313;
make a universal appeal, 333;
the staple of education, 334

Liberal Education, A: Practice, by A. C. Drury, 157

life, not enough for our living, 335

listening, habit of, 244

Lister, 19, 318

literary form, children must have, xxx, 15, 18, 29, 30, 51, 91, 109, 111, 154, 160, 172, 218, 248, 256, 260, 290;
children educated out of, 13

Literature, the teaching of, 42, 43, 52, 62, 151, 157, 180-185, 254;
natural aptitude for, 91;
illustrates history, 176, 177, 180, 184, 269, 274;
a living power, 185;
and history, sole key to unintelligible world, 338;
reveals deepest things, 338

Locke, 4, 156

Logos, 330

Louis XI, 132

Louis XIV, 92

Louisa, Queen of Prussia, 306

Lugard, Lady, 314

Lysander, 109


Macbeth, 140

magnanimity, 89, 248, 268

magnetism, personal, 13, 48, 49

Magnus, Sir Philip, 280

maps, 224

Marconi, 236

Maria Theresa, 311

marks, 7, 11, 28, 52, 247, 302;
unnecessary, 45

Marx, Karl, 144

Masefield, John, on vitality of mind, 277

mathematics, the teaching of, 7, 59, 148, 151, 152, 153, 155, 230-233, 254, 256, 264, 296;
appeal to mind, 51;
beauty and truth of, 230, 334;
undue importance of, 231;
not a royal road to learning, 231;
to be studied for their own sake, 232;
success should not depend on, 232;
depend upon the teacher, 233;
badly taught, 233

matter, not the foundation of all being, 4;
and mind, 5

Memmi, Simone, 284, 322, 323

Memory, 14, 16;
mind v. word, 173, 263;
knowledge, mental not verbal, 258, 303

mental food and work not synonymous terms, 281

Method, Coleridge’s, 106, 107

method, special points of P.N.E.U.;
children do the work, 6, 19, 192, 216, 241;
teachers help, 6, 19, 241;
single reading, 6, 15, 171, 241, 258, 261, 263, 267, 291, 293, 304;
narration, 6, 15, 18, 30, 45, 65, 155, 163, 165, 172, 180, 182, 190, 191, 211, 241, 261, 272, 276, 291;
no revision, 6, 9, 15, 171, 241, 245, 262;
no special selections, 7, 244;
many books, 7, 12, 15, 30, 59, 76, 241, 267, 268, 271, 303;
children’s delight in books, 7, 19, 30, 45;
attention secured by books, 7, 13, 30, 45, 276;
consecutive knowledge, 7, 158, 172, 244, 261, 267;
takes less time, 9, 245;
no preparation, 9, 158, 245;
children occupied with things as well as books, 31;
short hours, 158;
examinations, 158, 167, 168, 171, 178, 195-209, 241-243, 262, 263, 270, 272;
children form a good style, 194;
power of dealing with names, 181, 262, 264, 294-296;
suitable for large numbers, 247;
success depends on principles, 270

‘Micawber, Mr.,’ 231

‘Midas,’ 267

Milton, 110, 124, 132, 159, 188, 274;
on ideal of education, 249, 268;
Areopagitica, 188

Mind, habits of, xxix, 53, 100;
feeds on ideas, xxix, 2, 10, 15, 18, 20, 25, 39, 40, 105, 111, 117, 256, 257;
not a receptacle, xxx, 112;
a spiritual organism, xxx, 24, 38, 117;
has appetite, xxx, 10, 20, 39, 57, 89, 281;
must be fed, xxx, 5, 10, 18, 20, 24, 25, 41, 71, 105, 111, 117, 154, 236, 239, 246, 259, 263, 281, 288;
can deal with knowledge, xxx, 10, 18, 41, 72, 117;
not made up of faculties, 2, 17;
in education, 2, 6, 253;
thought alone appeals to, 2, 12, 15;
is one, 5, 41;
is spiritual, 5, 38;
action of, stimulated by desires, 11, 13, 88;
nature of, 20;
house of, 24;
must have labour of digestion, 26, 237;
the instrument of education, 36;
spiritual, v. physical brain, 38, 100, 260, 330;
amazing potentialities of, 38;
‘the unconscious,’ 38, 66, 130;
tendency to ignore, 38;
the means of living, 42;
good and evil tendencies of, 46, 49, 52;
not a chartered libertine, 49;
use of term, 66;
always conscious, 66;
heaven of, 71;
not sustained by physical or emotional activity, 72, 289;
must not be intruded upon, 130;
deals with intellectual matter without aids, 172;
potency not property characteristic of, 237;
laws of, 245, 246, 290;
behaviour of, 253;
duly fed, its activities take care of themselves, 289;
vast educability of, 289;
receives knowledge to grow, 237;
must know, 237;
wonder of, 239;
and knowledge, 240, 324;
functions for its own nourishment, 246;
of children not immature, 246;
stability of, 248;
benefits by occasional gymnastics, 255;
a crucible, cannot distil from sawdust, 257;
a deceiver ever, 257;
outer court of, 257;
how, works, 257;

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