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The Wealth of Nations: Appendix

The Wealth of Nations
Appendix
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table of contents
  1. Titlepage
  2. Imprint
  3. Editor’s Introduction
  4. Introduction and Plan of the Work
  5. The Wealth of Nations
    1. Book I
      1. I: Of the Division of Labour
      2. II: Of the Principle Which Gives Occasion to the Division of Labour
      3. III: That the Division of Labour Is Limited by the Extent of the Market
      4. IV: Of the Origin and Use of Money
      5. V: Of the Real and Nominal Price of Commodities, or of Their Price in Labour, and Their Price in Money
      6. VI: Of the Component Parts of the Price of Commodities
      7. VII: Of the Natural and Market Price of Commodities
      8. VIII: Of the Wages of Labour
      9. IX: Of the Profits of Stock
      10. X: Of Wages and Profit in the Different Employments of Labour and Stock
        1. I: Inequalities Arising from the Nature of the Employments Themselves
        2. II: Inequalities Occasioned by the Policy of Europe
      11. XI: Of the Rent of Land
        1. I: Of the Produce of Land Which Always Affords Rent
        2. II: Of the Produce of Land Which Sometimes Does, and Sometimes Does Not, Afford Rent
        3. III: Of the Variations in the Proportion Between the Respective Values of That Sort of Produce Which Always Affords Rent, and of That Which Sometimes Does and Sometimes Does Not Afford Rent
          1. Digression Concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver During the Course of the Four Last Centuries
            1. First Period
            2. Second Period
            3. Third Period
            4. Variations in the Proportion Between the Respective Values of Gold and Silver
            5. Grounds of the Suspicion That the Value of Silver Still Continues to Decrease
            6. Different Effects of the Progress of Improvement Upon Three Different Sorts of Rude Produce
              1. First Sort
              2. Second Sort
              3. Third Sort
            7. Conclusion of the Digression Concerning the Variations in the Value of Silver
          2. Effects of the Progress of Improvement Upon the Real Price of Manufactures
        4. Conclusion of the Chapter
    2. Book II
      1. Introduction
      2. I: Of the Division of Stock
      3. II: Of Money Considered as a Particular Branch of the General Stock of the Society, or of the Expense of Maintaining the National Capital
      4. III: Of the Accumulation of Capital, or of Productive and Unproductive Labour
      5. IV: Of Stock Lent at Interest
      6. V: Of the Different Employment of Capitals
    3. Book III
      1. I: Of the Natural Progress of Opulence
      2. II: Of the Discouragement of Agriculture in the Ancient State of Europe After the Fall of the Roman Empire
      3. III: Of the Rise and Progress of Cities and Towns, After the Fall of the Roman Empire
      4. IV: How the Commerce of the Towns Contributed to the Improvement of the Country
    4. Book IV
      1. Introduction
      2. I: Of the Principle of the Commercial or Mercantile System
      3. II: Of Restraints Upon the Importation from Foreign Countries of Such Goods as Can Be Produced at Home
      4. III: Of the Extraordinary Restraints Upon the Importation of Goods of Almost All Kinds, from Those Countries with Which the Balance Is Supposed to Be Disadvantageous
        1. I: Of the Unreasonableness of Those Restraints Even Upon the Principles of the Commercial System
          1. Digression Concerning Banks of Deposit, Particularly Concerning That of Amsterdam
        2. II: Of the Unreasonableness of Those Extraordinary Restraints Upon Other Principles
      5. IV: Of Drawbacks
      6. V: Of Bounties
        1. Digression Concerning the Corn Trade and Corn Laws
      7. VI: Of Treaties of Commerce
      8. VII: Of Colonies
        1. I: Of the Motives for Establishing New Colonies
        2. II: Causes of the Prosperity of New Colonies
        3. III: Of the Advantages Which Europe Has Derived from the Discovery of America, and from That of a Passage to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope
      9. VIII: Conclusion of the Mercantile System
      10. IX: Of the Agricultural Systems, or of Those Systems of Political Œconomy, Which Represent the Produce of Land as Either the Sole or the Principal Source of the Revenue and Wealth of Every Country
    5. Book V
      1. I: Of the Expenses of the Sovereign or Commonwealth
        1. I: Of the Expense of Defence
        2. II: Of the Expense of Justice
        3. III: Of the Expense of Public Works and Public Institutions
          1. Article I: Of the Public Works and Institutions for Facilitating the Commerce of the Society
            1. And, First, of Those Which Are Necessary for Facilitating Commerce in General
            2. Of the Public Works and Institutions Which Are Necessary for Facilitating Particular Branches of Commerce
          2. Article II: Of the Expense of the Institutions for the Education of Youth
          3. Article III: Of the Expense of the Institutions for the Instruction of People of All Ages
        4. IV: Of the Expense of Supporting the Dignity of the Sovereign
        5. Conclusion
      2. II: Of the Sources of the General or Public Revenue of the Society
        1. I: Of the Funds or Sources of Revenue Which May Peculiarly Belong to the Sovereign or Commonwealth
        2. II: Of Taxes
          1. Article I
            1. Taxes Upon Rent; Taxes Upon the Rent of Land
            2. Taxes Which Are Proportioned, Not to the Rent, but to the Produce of Land
            3. Taxes Upon the Rent of Houses
          2. Article II
            1. Taxes Upon Profit, or Upon the Revenue Arising from Stock
            2. Taxes Upon the Profit of Particular Employments
          3. Appendix to Articles I and II
          4. Article III: Taxes Upon the Wages of Labour
          5. Article IV: Taxes Which, It Is Intended, Should Fall Indifferently Upon Every Different Species of Revenue
            1. Capitation Taxes
            2. Taxes Upon Consumable Commodities
      3. III: Of Public Debts
  6. Appendix
  7. Endnotes 1–500
  8. Endnotes 501–1,000
  9. Endnotes 1,001–1,500
  10. Endnotes 1,501–1,647
  11. Colophon
  12. Uncopyright

Appendix1646

The two following Accounts are subjoined in order to illustrate and confirm what is said in the Fifth Chapter of the Fourth Book,1647 concerning the Tonnage bounty to the White Herring Fishery. The Reader, I believe, may depend upon the accuracy of both Accounts.

An Account of busses fitted out in Scotland for eleven Years, with the number of empty barrels carried out, and the number of barrels of herrings caught, also the bounty at a medium on each barrel of seasteeks, and on each barrel when fully packed.
YearsNumber of bussesEmpty barrels carried outBarrels of herrings caughtBounty paid on the busses
£s.d.
1771295,9482,8322,08500
177216841,31622,23711,05576
177319042,33342,05512,51086
177424859,30356,36516,95226
177527569,14452,87919,315150
177629476,32951,86321,29076
177724062,67943,31317,59226
177822056,39040,95816,31626
177920655,19429,36715,28700
178018148,31519,88513,445126
178113533,99216,5939,613126
Total2,186550,943378,347155,463110
Seasteeks378,347Bounty at a medium for each barrel of seasteeks,£082¼
⅓ deducted126,115⅔But a barrel of seasteeks being only reckoned two-thirds of a barrel fully packed, one-third is deducted, which brings the bounty to£0123¾
Barrels full packed252,231⅓
And if the herrings are exported, there is besides a premium of£028
So that the bounty paid by Government in money for each barrel, is£01411¾
But if to this, the duty of the salt usually taken credit for as expended in curing each barrel, which at a medium is of foreign, one bushel and one-fourth of a bushel, at 10s. a bushel, be added, viz.£0126
The bounty on each barrel would amount to£175¾
If the herrings are cured with British salt, it will stand thus, viz. Bounty as before£01411¾
—but if to this bounty the duty on two bushels of Scots salt at 1s. 6d. per bushel, supposed to be the quantity at a medium used in curing each barrel is added, to wit,£030
The bounty on each barrel will amount to£01711¾
And,
When buss herrings are entered for home consumption in Scotland, and pay the shilling a barrel of duty, the bounty stands thus, to wit as before£0123¾
From which the 1s. a barrel is to be deducted£010
£0113¾
But to that there is to be added again, the duty of the foreign salt used in curing a barrel of herrings, viz.£0126
So that the premium allowed for each barrel of herrings entered for home consumption is£139¾
If the herrings are cured with British salt, it will stand as follows, viz. Bounty on each barrel brought in by the busses as above£0123¾
From which deduct the 1s. a barrel paid at the time they are entered for home consumption£010
£0113¾
But if to the bounty the duty on two bushels of Scots salt at 1s. 6d. per bushel, supposed to be the quantity at a medium used in curing each barrel, is added, to wit,£030
The premium for each barrel entered for home consumption will be£0143¾

Though the loss of duties upon herrings exported cannot, perhaps, properly be considered as bounty; that upon herrings entered for home consumption certainly may.

An account of the quantity of foreign salt imported into Scotland, and of Scots salt delivered duty free from the works there for the fishery, from the 5th of April 1771 to the 5th of April 1782, with a medium of both for one year.
PeriodForeign salt importedScots salt delivered from the works
BushelsBushels
From the 5th of April 1771, to the 5th of April 1782.936,974168,226
Medium for one year85,179⁵⁄₁₁15,293³⁄₁₁

It is to be observed that the Bushel of Foreign Salt weighs 84 lb. that of British Salt 56 lb. only.

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Endnotes 1–500
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