Design Considerations for Integrating Nature into Early Childhood Spaces

Lori Guerrero (Texas Tech University)

Early childhood spaces that include natural elements may improve well-being. This study illuminates innovative approaches that may encourage more exposure to nature. This topic is of critical importance as childhood well-being may be at risk. Over 30% of children ages 2-4 in America are considered either overweight or obese. In addition to physical risks, studies show that a lack of exposure to nature may affect cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional well-being. Numerous societal trends are reducing children’s time in nature including technology, urbanism, dual working parents, among many others.

Due to the amount of evidence connecting early childhood well-being and nature, child-care centers are integrating nature-based learning. It is imperative for interior designers to proactively prepare for this trend, especially as it is backed by empirical research and will continue to grow. This study utilizes a cross-disciplinary literature review spanning interior design, architecture, landscape architecture, public administration, public health, psychology, early childhood development and early childhood education. An assessment of six leaders in natural learning environments offers a glimpse into where the research began and what progress has already been accomplished. The methodology also includes information gathered by earning a professional certificate in designing outdoor learning environments, professional experience as a registered interior designer and personal observations of young children.

The review reveals six design considerations of integrating nature into early childhood spaces: 1) visual access to nature and natural materials, 2) auditory access to nature, 3) changes in air velocity to mimic natural conditions, 4) innovative circulation patterns including exterior passageways, 5) transition areas that are interchangeable from interior to exterior spaces, and 6) the availability of refuge and restorative areas. Collectively, these guiding themes will provide interior designers additional approaches to integrate nature into early childhood education spaces, as clients will increasingly request it.