Building Sense of Belonging and National Identity in Bulgaria through Architecture of 20th Century

Petya Stefanoff (University of Oklahoma, School of Architecture)

In recent years, the requirement for sustainable, healthy, and safe communities in the United States and internationally has reached its peak. The perception of the historic structures and landscape requires large scaleinteraction and observation by participants. Preserving cultural and architectural heritage is an important tool to build a sense of belonging, as well as social and national identity. One preliminary study in the Chautauqua Historic District in Norman, OK, USA confirms this hypothesis and the study will be further explored by next focusing on Eastern Europe. The region experienced turbulent changes in 20 th century politically, economically, culturally, and socially. In many countries the architectural heritage is at risk of being ignored, neglected, and even demolished. During its 20 th century history, Bulgaria struggled to develop a strong culture and architectural heritage leading toward inclusive sustainable developments now.

The project explores how integration of heritage in sustainable urban development builds a sense of belonging and social identity in Bulgaria. Considered in the study is the manner in which historic preservation is dependent upon strong community connections. The method used will be an ethnographic study using mixed method research techniques. All stakeholder groups will be represented- design professionals, construction companies, community members, researchers, and educators, as well as use of archive data.

Findings of this study will help municipalities, the government, design professionals, construction businesses, and residents understand building communities and preserving history. Place attachment requires communication between residents and erected structures. McMillan& Chavis (1986) proposed definitions for community identity: membership, influence, integration and fulfillment of needs, and shared emotional connection. Societies and cultures will represent their beliefs and values through architecture and designed landscape. This study will elevate architecture to another level as instrument to understand such important phenomenon as social and national identity.