Notes

1.      Compare Dunning, Reconstruction, Political and Economic, pp. 11-13; Beard, American Civilization, II, p. 99.

2.      Herbert, “The Conditions of the Reconstruction Problems,” Atlantic Monthly, LXXXVII, p. 146.

3.      The Reminiscences of Carl Schurz, III, pp. 157-158.

4.      39th Congress, 1st Session, Senate Executive Document Number 2, Report of Carl Schurz.

5.      Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, 1866, Part II.

6.      Congressional Globe, 39th Congress, 1st Session, Part I, p. 94.

7.      Congressional Globe, 39th Congress, 1st Session, Part I, p. 94.

8.      Wallace, Carpetbag Rule in Florida, pp. 34-35.

9.      Quotations of testimony are from Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, 1866, Parts II, III, and IV.

10.    Congressional Globe, 39th Congress, 1st Session, Part I, p. 94.

11.    Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, VI, pp. 354-355.

12.    Wesley, “Lincoln’s Plan for Colonizing the Emancipated Negro,” Journal of Negro History, IV, p. 9.

13.    Fleming, Deportation and Colonization: Studies in Southern History and Politics, p. 10.

14.    Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, VI, p. 357.

15.    Quoted: Journal of Negro History, IV, pp. 11-12.

16.    Wesley, “Lincoln’s Plan for Colonizing the Emancipated Negro,” Journal of Negro History, IV, pp. 12-13.

17.    Fleming, Deportation and Colonization: Studies in Southern History and Politics, p. 13.

18.    Wesley, “Lincoln’s Plan for Colonizing the Emancipated Negro,” Journal of Negro History, IV, p. 20.

19.    McClure, A. K., Recollections.

20.    Sumner, Charles, Complete Works, VI, p. 302.

21.    Ficklen, History of Reconstruction in Louisiana, John Hopkins Studies, 28th Series, pp. 65, 66.

22.    Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, IX, pp. 105-110.

23.    Compare Ficklen, History of Reconstruction in Louisiana, p. 62.

24.    Parton, General Butler in New Orleans, pp. 489-490.

25.    Parton, General Butler in New Orleans, p. 517.

26.    Ficklen, History of Reconstruction in Louisiana, p. 65.

27.    Compare Ficklen.

28.    McPherson, History of United States During Reconstruction, p. 20.

29.    Blaine, Twenty Years of Congress, II, p. 40.

30.    Ficklen, History of Reconstruction in Louisiana, pp. 74-77.

31.    Ficklen, History of Reconstruction in Louisiana, p. 89.

32.    Italics ours.

33.    Pierce, Memoirs and Letters of Charles Sumner, IV, p. 226.

34.    Nicolay-Hay, Abraham Lincoln, IX, pp. 459-462.

35.    Clemenceau, American Reconstruction, 1865-1870, p. 232.

36.    Quotations from McPherson, History of United States During Reconstruction, pp. 29-44.

37.    Simkins and Woody, South Carolina During Reconstruction, pp. 49, 50.

38.    Warmoth, War, Politics and Reconstruction, p. 274.

39.    Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, 1866, Part IV, pp. 78-79.

40.    Atlantic Monthly, LXXXVII, January, 1910, p. 6.

41.    Du Bois, Reconstruction and Its Benefits, p. 784.

42.    Dunning, Essays on the Civil War and Reconstruction, p. 92.

43.    Simkins and Woody, Reconstruction in South Carolina, p. 51.

44.    Morse, Thaddeus Stevens, American Statesmen, pp. 253-254.

45.    Brewster, Sketches of Southern Mystery, p. 275.