Notes

1.      McPherson, History of United States During Reconstruction, pp. 141, 142.

2.      Herberg, The Heritage of the Civil War, p. 8.

3.      Congressional Globe, 40th Congress, 1st Session, p. 55.

4.      Pierce, Memoirs and Letters of Charles Sumner, Vol. IV, pp. 311, 312.

5.      Pierce, Memoirs and Letters of Charles Sumner, Vol. IV, pp. 285-290.

6.      Pierce, Memoirs and Letters of Charles Sumner, Vol. IV, pp. 313, 314.

7.      Pierce, Memoirs and Letters of Charles Sumner, Vol. IV, p. 307.

8.      Clemenceau, American Reconstruction, 1865-1870, p. 65.

9.      Pierce, Memoirs and Letters of Charles Sumner, Vol. IV, p. 317.

10.    Clemenceau, American Reconstruction, 1865-1870, pp. 104, 131.

11.    Porter, Ohio Politics, p. 244.

12.    McCall, Thaddeus Stevens, American Statesmen, p. 336.

13.    Burgess, Reconstruction, p. 191.

14.    McCall, Thaddeus Stevens, American Statesmen, pp. 352-353.

15.    McCall, Thaddeus Stevens, American Statesmen (footnote), p. 336.

16.    Schlüter, Lincoln, Labor and Slavery, pp. 196, 197, 200.

17.    Commons and Andrews, Documentary History of American Industrial Society, IX, pp. 185, 186, 187, 188.

18.    Schlüter, Lincoln, Labor and Slavery, p. 235.

19.    Wesley, Negro Labor in the United States, pp. 162, 163.

20.    Schlüter, Lincoln, Labor and Slavery, pp. 231, 232.

21.    Commons and Andrews, Documentary History of American Industrial Society, Vol. IX, pp. 243, 256, 268, 285.

22.    Wesley, Negro Labor in the United States, pp. 180, 187.

23.    Campbell, Black and White in the Southern States, p. 160.

24.    Haynes, in the Report of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction, 1866, Part IV, p. 62.

25.    Clemenceau, American Reconstruction, 1865-1870, pp. 291-292.

26.    Cox, Three Decades of Federal Legislation, pp. 378, 379.

27.    Dunning, Essays on the Civil War and Reconstruction, p. 188. The registration figures by states are after the McPherson History of United States During Reconstruction, p. 374. Other sources give slightly different totals in some cases.

28.    Dunning, Essays on the Civil War and Reconstruction, p. 174.

29.    McPherson, History of United States During Reconstruction, pp. 364, 366.

30.    McPherson, History of United States During Reconstruction, pp. 479, 483, 486.

31.    Coleman, Election of 1868, pp. 311-312.

32.    Ames, Amendments to the Constitution, Vol. II, pp. 233, 235.