57. Ricardo, On the Principles of Political Economy, p. 3.

58. ‘Middle-class’: in English in the original text.

59. A reference to the pamphlet The Currency Question. The Gemini Letters, London, 1844, written by two upholders of the currency doctrines of the Birmingham banker Thomas Attwood, T. B. Wright and J. Harlow. See below, pp. 804–5.

60. Ramsay, An Essay on the Distribution of Wealth, p. 43.

61. The quotation from Storch is on p. 637.

62. By de Quincey and Ramsay; see above, pp. 642–3.

63. See above, p. 592, and Rossi, Cours d’économie politique, p. 370.

64. Storch, Cours d’économie politique, Vol. I, p. 405.

65. Malthus, Definitions in Political Economy, pp. 237–8.

66. Adam Smith, Recherches sur la nature et les causes de la richesse des nations, Vol. II, pp. 197–8.

67. ‘partir de son possesseur’. Storch, Cours d’économie politique, Vol. I, p. 405.

68. ‘Use value’: this ought to read ‘exchange value’.

69. Cherbuliez, Richesse au pauvreté, pp. 14–15.

70. Malthus, Definitions in Political Economy, pp. 237–8.

71. See above, p. 574, and Malthus, The Measure of Value, p. 33.

72. See above, pp. 644–5.

73. MacCulloch, The Principles of Political Economy, p. 300.

74. Ricardo, On the Principles of Political Economy, p. 26.

75. J.-B. Say, Traité d’économie politique, Vol. II, p. 430.

76. Sismondi, Nouveaux Principes d’économie politique, Vol. I, pp. 94–8.

77. The Economist, Vol. V, No. 219, 6 November 1847, p. 1271.

78. Ravenstone, Thoughts on the Funding System, p. 45.

79. Babbage, Traité sur l’économie des machines et des manufactures, pp. 20–21.

80. Andrew Ure (1778–1857; Scottish doctor, chemist, astronomer, apologist for the factory system of the early nineteenth century and opponent of the Factory Acts), Philosophie des manufactures, Brussels, 1836 (French translation of the 2nd edition, London, 1835), Vol. I, pp. 18–19.